学生学习是在教师有计划有目的的指导下,堂握前人积累的经验的特殊的认识过程。学生掌握知识的认识过程,包括感知、理解、巩固和应用。这四个阶段,既相互联系又有区别。感知和理解都是对知识的领会。对教材的感知是一种领会,但还不是理解。只有从感性认识上升到理性认识,才是理解。感知是通过各种感官去观察事物或教具,获取言语或符号的信息,了解教 Student learning is a special cognitive process that grasps the experiences accumulated by the predecessors under the guidance of teachers' planned ends. Students grasp the cognitive process of knowledge, including perception, understanding, consolidation and application. These four stages are interrelated and differentiated. Perception and understanding are the understanding of knowledge. Perception of the textbook is a comprehension, but it is not yet understood. Only from perceptual awareness to rational understanding, is understanding. Perception is through various senses to observe things or aids, access to words or symbols of information, to understand the teaching