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文章首次提出“演化比较法”的概念和程序,用以重建数十到数百年常观时间尺度的区域性音法演化史。梅州各地的客方言有4个舒声调,其调型格局基本上是降降平○组合(○=平/低/升)。造成这种模式间小差异的原因主要在于两种声调大链移:逆时针链移和顺时针链移。文章根据梅州客方言、泰语、闽语中已发现的声调链移路径,总结出三条演化律:顺时针圈、逆时针圈、平调低化链,及若干平调嵌入规则。这些演化律可以用来预测声调的演变趋势。此外,文章还对音法类型学和演化音法学中的关键概念“纯低调”作了进一步界定,分化出一个有限条件调型——低降//32//,作为通过纯低调转化的左出入口的演化概念。
The article first proposed the concept and procedure of “evolutionary comparative law” to reconstruct the history of regional phonetic evolution over a time scale of tens to hundreds of years. Passenger dialects around the city of Meizhou have 4 Shu tone, the tone pattern is basically down flat ○ combination (○ = flat / low / liter). The reason for the small discrepancy between the modes is mainly due to the two major tone shifts: counterclockwise chain shift and clockwise chain shift. According to the path of tone chain transfer found in Meizhouke dialect, Thai language and Min dialect, the article summarizes three evolutionary laws: clockwise loop, anticlockwise loop, flattened lower chain, and a few flat embedded rules. These evolutionary laws can be used to predict the evolution of tones. In addition, the article further defines the key concept of “pure low-key tone” in phonetic typology and evolutionary phonology and divides it into a finite condition, The left entrance of the evolution concept.