论文部分内容阅读
由于伦理学研究范式转换等方面的原因,现代社会人几乎遗忘了对幸福生活问题的严肃思考,亚里士多德的幸福思想对我们重拾这种思考有着重要的启示。亚里士多德认为,幸福包含着太多的不确定性,因此讨论幸福问题应该把各种直觉和意见,以及事实与生活的验证都考虑进去,而且只能要求大致为真的结论。幸福是人之活动的最大目的,而人之活动的目的即为善,所以幸福就成为人之活动的最大善;德性是人的一种品质,它使人完美实现他的活动又使人保持好的状态,幸福就在于合乎德性的活动;理智德性活动与道德德性活动构成了人的德性活动,人的最大幸福在于只适合少数精英的理智德性活动(沉思),而普通人的幸福却在于道德德性。通过实践不断地学习和努力是一个人获得幸福的必要条件,此外还需要有一定的外在善,变故及后人不好的命运也会对幸福产生影响,但这种影响并不是根本的。亚里士多德的幸福思想对解决现代社会出现的幸福悖论有着重要的启示,它提醒我们要关注幸福生活的问题、教导我们不可把幸福的手段善当作目的善、引导我们过上有德性的幸福生活。
Due to the paradigm shift of ethics research, modern society people have almost forgotten the serious thinking on the question of happy life. Aristotle’s happiness thought has important enlightenment for us to regain this kind of thinking. Aristotle believes that happiness contains too much uncertainty. Therefore, to discuss the issue of happiness, various intuitions and opinions, as well as the verification of facts and life, should be taken into consideration and can only require generally true conclusions. Happiness is the greatest purpose of human activity, and the purpose of human activity is good, so happiness becomes the greatest good of human activity. Virtue is a kind of human quality, which makes people perfect his activities and make people Maintaining a good state, happiness lies in the activities of virtue; rational virtue and moral activities constitute the activities of morality, the greatest happiness is that only for a few elite rational moral activity (contemplation), and Ordinary people’s happiness lies in moral virtue. Continuous learning and hard work through practice are necessary conditions for one’s happiness. In addition, certain external good and accidental changes, as well as poor fate of future generations, also affect happiness. However, such effects are not fundamental. Aristotle’s idea of happiness has an important revelation for solving the paradox of happiness in modern society. It reminds us to pay attention to the problem of happy life and teach us not to treat the means of happiness as good and guide us to Virtue of happy life.