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This study was to investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (PF) on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury.Firstly,“SMILES” of PF was searched in Pubchem and further was used for reverse molecular docking in Swiss Target Prediction database to obtain potential targets.Injury-related molecules were obtained from GeenCards database,and the predicted targets of PF for injury treatment were selected by Wayne diagram.For mechanism analysis,the protein-protein interactions were constructed by String,and the KEGG analysis was conducted in Webgestalt.Then,cell viability and cytotoxicity assay were established by CCK8 assay.Also,the experimental cells were allocated to control,model (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2),SB203580 10 μmol·L-1 (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2+ SB203580 10 μmol·L-1),PF 50 μmol·L-1 (200μmol·L-1 H2O2+ PF 50 μmol·L-1),and PF 100 μmol.L-1 (200 μmol·L-1 H2O2+ PF 100 μmol·L-1)groups.We measured the intracellular ROS,Hoechst 33258 staining,cell apoptosis,the levels of Bcl-xl,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,Cleavedcaspase3,Cleaved-caspase7,TRPA1,TRPV1,and the phosphorylation expression of p38MAPK.There are 96 potential targets that may be associated with PF for injury treatment.Then,we chose the “Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels” pathway for the experimental verification from the first 10 KEGG pathway.In experimental verification,H2O2 decreased the cell viability moderately (P ＜ 0.05),and 100 μmol·L-1 PF increased the cell viability significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Depending on the difference of intracellular ROS fluorescence intensity,PF inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production in Schwann cells.In Hoechst 33258 staining,PF reversed the condensed chromatin and apoptotic nuclei following H2O2 treatment.Moreover,Flow cytometry results showed that PF could substantially inhibit H2O2 induced apoptosis (P ＜ 0.05).Pretreatment with PF obviously reduced the levels of Caspase3,Cleaved-caspase3,Cleaved-caspase7,TRPA1,TRPV1,and the phosphorylation expression of p38MAPK after H2O2 treatment (P ＜0.05),increased the levels of Bcl-2,and Bcl-xl (P ＜ 0.05).PF inhibited Schwarn cell injury and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide,which mechanism was linked to the inhibition of phosphorylation of p38MAPK.