孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相 In recent years, the prevalence of autistic-spectrum disorders (ASDs) has risen to about 1% each year, and their symptoms are often accompanied by lifelong life, becoming a neurodevelopmental disorder that seriously threatens the health and development of children. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental disorder in childhood. The prevalence in China is 4.13% -5.83%. Its symptoms can be extended to adolescence and even into adulthood [1]. What are the differences between these two types of mental disorders in clinical manifestations, co-morbidity, treatment strategies and prognosis in adulthood?