20世纪后期在中国农村广为推行的村民自治活动 ,虽然其发展呈现出很高程度的不平衡性 ,效果也没有预期的那样理想 ,但这并不影响这一实践所具有的深刻的理论反思价值。本文尝试从四个不同的维度———政治过程的逻辑置换、主流民主理论的突破、传统政治文化的转型 ,以及探索中国特色的民主政治之路 ,分析村民自治对于中国政治体制改革可能具有的实践功能和潜在的理论意义。在此基础上 ,作者讨论了村民自治实践与中国政治学发展的关系问题 ,主张面向现实、在与实践的结合中发展中国的政治学 Although the development of villagers’ self-government activity, widely implemented in rural areas of China in the late twentieth century, showed a very high degree of imbalance and the effect was not as satisfactory as expected, it did not affect the profound theoretical reflections that this practice possessed value. This paper attempts to analyze the possible impact of villager autonomy on the reform of China’s political system from four different dimensions: the logical substitution of political process, the breakthrough of mainstream democratic theory, the transformation of traditional political culture and the exploration of democratic politics with Chinese characteristics Practical function and potential theoretical significance. On this basis, the author discusses the relationship between the practice of villager autonomy and the development of Chinese politics, advocates facing the reality and developing China’s political science in combination with practice