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名词性从句是高中语法的一项重要内容，也是高考热点之一。本文通过正误对比的方式对名词性从句的易错点进行分析，希望对同学们有所帮助。
1.[误] Bill was chosen as a representative to attend the meeting made him excited.
[正]That Bill was chosen as a represen-tative to attend the meeting made him excited.
[解析] that引导名词性从句时，不作任何成分，没有任何实际意义，只起连接词的作用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略。
2. [误] The problem is if we can receive enough support from the local government.
[正] The problem is whether we can receive enough support from the local government.
[解析] if和whether引导宾语从句时，绝大多数情况都可以互换，但是在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。
3. [误] I wonder how he is getting along well with his new novel.
[正] I wonder how he is getting along with his new novel.
[正] I wonder if/ whether he is getting along well with his new novel.
[解析] get on/ along well with意为“进展得顺利”。如果用how来引导宾语从句，则去掉well，否则意思重复，既然well就不必再问how了。如果要保留well，则必须用if或者whether来引导宾语从句。此句句意为：我想知道他的新小说进展得如何。
4. [误] All the books are here. You may choose whatever you like.
[正] All the books are here. You may choose whichever you like.
[解析] whatever意为“无论什么”，相当于anything that，通常用在没有限定范围的情况下；而whichever意为“无论哪一个”，相当于“any + 名词（限定性的名词） + that”，通常用在有限定范围的情况下。此句相当于All the books are here. You may choose any book（而不是anything）that you like。
5. [误] It is known to us all is that
America is made up of fifty states.
[正] What is known to us all is that America is made up of fifty states.
[正] It is known to us all that America is made up of fifty states.
[解析] 如果把it改为what，此句中whaｔ
引导的从句则为主语从句，is后的that引导的从句为表语从句；如果去掉is，it在从句中充当形式主语，that引导的为真正的主语从句。
6. [误] I made a suggestion at the meet-ing that the problem must be solved at once.
[正] I made a suggestion at the meeting that the problem should be solved at once.
[解析] 表示“建议、命令、请求”的名词如果有同位语从句修饰，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式用should + 动词原形或省略should。
7. [误] I really know nothing about if the book written by Mr. White has come out.
[正] I really know nothing about whether the book written by Mr. White has come out.
[解析] if和whether引导动词宾语从句时，通常可以互换，但在介词后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
8. [误] These beautiful pictures will show you what does our campus look like.
[正] These beautiful pictures will show you what our campus looks like.
[解析] 在宾语从句中，通常用陈述语序，不用疑问语序。
9. [误] There is no doubt whether he will succeed in doing the experiment.
[正] There is no doubt that he will succe-ed in doing the experiment.
[解析] 此句为同位语从句，doubt意为“怀疑，疑惑”，一般来说，如果doubt是肯定形式，一般要用if或whether来引导从句，如果doubt是否定形式，一般要用that来引导从句。
10. [误] The man would rather do all what he could to send his son to study aboard.
[正] The man would rather do what he could to send his son to study aboard.
[正] The man would rather do all (that)
he could to send his son to study aboard.
[解析] all与what不能连用，如果去掉all，从句则变成了由what引导的宾语从句；如果把what去掉或者把what改为that，从句则变成了由that引导的定语从句。
11. [误] The reason why he didn’t attend the party is because his mother was seriously ill.
[正] The reason why he didn’t attend the party is that his mother was seriously ill.
[解析] 此题考查“the reason why…is that
…”句型，意为“…的原因是…”，is后为表语从句。一般来说，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意也很完整时，名词性从句通常用that来引导。
12. [误] You are saying that all the work must be finished in two days, and this is what I disagree.
[正] You are saying that all the work
mustbe finished in two days, and this is where I disagree.
[解析] 系动词is后为表语从句，动词disagree为不及物动词，根据句意可知表语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where来引导。
巩固习题：
1. Word came_________the PLA man sacrified his life to save the little girl who is in danger.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. /
2. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe _________he says.
A. whateverB. whichever
C. no matter whatD. how
3. _________ was known to us all that the boss had broken his promise_________he would give us a rise.
A. As; whichB. What; that
C. It; thatD. It; which
4. She said nothing and nobody knew _________.
A. what is the matter with herB. what the matter is with her
C. what was the matter with herD. what the matter was with her
5. _________Linda can pass the exam is _________her teacher is worrying about now.
A. What; whatB. Whether; what
C. If; thatD. What; what
6. The question he asked was _________ the furniture should be placed.
A. whatB. which
C. whereD. that
7. I don’t doubt _________he will attend tomorrow’s dancing party.
A. whetherB. whenC. ifD. that
8. Last week we made a trip to _________was once a battlefield.
A. whereB. what
C. whichD. when
9. One advantage of holding Olympic Games is_________ it can prosper the development of the local economy.
A. thatB. howC. whyD. when
10. He order that the murderer_________sentenced to death.
A. would beB. must beC. be D. could be
Keys:
1-5.AACCB
6-10.CDBAC
1.[误] Bill was chosen as a representative to attend the meeting made him excited.
[正]That Bill was chosen as a represen-tative to attend the meeting made him excited.
[解析] that引导名词性从句时，不作任何成分，没有任何实际意义，只起连接词的作用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不能省略。
2. [误] The problem is if we can receive enough support from the local government.
[正] The problem is whether we can receive enough support from the local government.
[解析] if和whether引导宾语从句时，绝大多数情况都可以互换，但是在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。
3. [误] I wonder how he is getting along well with his new novel.
[正] I wonder how he is getting along with his new novel.
[正] I wonder if/ whether he is getting along well with his new novel.
[解析] get on/ along well with意为“进展得顺利”。如果用how来引导宾语从句，则去掉well，否则意思重复，既然well就不必再问how了。如果要保留well，则必须用if或者whether来引导宾语从句。此句句意为：我想知道他的新小说进展得如何。
4. [误] All the books are here. You may choose whatever you like.
[正] All the books are here. You may choose whichever you like.
[解析] whatever意为“无论什么”，相当于anything that，通常用在没有限定范围的情况下；而whichever意为“无论哪一个”，相当于“any + 名词（限定性的名词） + that”，通常用在有限定范围的情况下。此句相当于All the books are here. You may choose any book（而不是anything）that you like。
5. [误] It is known to us all is that
America is made up of fifty states.
[正] What is known to us all is that America is made up of fifty states.
[正] It is known to us all that America is made up of fifty states.
[解析] 如果把it改为what，此句中whaｔ
引导的从句则为主语从句，is后的that引导的从句为表语从句；如果去掉is，it在从句中充当形式主语，that引导的为真正的主语从句。
6. [误] I made a suggestion at the meet-ing that the problem must be solved at once.
[正] I made a suggestion at the meeting that the problem should be solved at once.
[解析] 表示“建议、命令、请求”的名词如果有同位语从句修饰，从句通常用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式用should + 动词原形或省略should。
7. [误] I really know nothing about if the book written by Mr. White has come out.
[正] I really know nothing about whether the book written by Mr. White has come out.
[解析] if和whether引导动词宾语从句时，通常可以互换，但在介词后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。
8. [误] These beautiful pictures will show you what does our campus look like.
[正] These beautiful pictures will show you what our campus looks like.
[解析] 在宾语从句中，通常用陈述语序，不用疑问语序。
9. [误] There is no doubt whether he will succeed in doing the experiment.
[正] There is no doubt that he will succe-ed in doing the experiment.
[解析] 此句为同位语从句，doubt意为“怀疑，疑惑”，一般来说，如果doubt是肯定形式，一般要用if或whether来引导从句，如果doubt是否定形式，一般要用that来引导从句。
10. [误] The man would rather do all what he could to send his son to study aboard.
[正] The man would rather do what he could to send his son to study aboard.
[正] The man would rather do all (that)
he could to send his son to study aboard.
[解析] all与what不能连用，如果去掉all，从句则变成了由what引导的宾语从句；如果把what去掉或者把what改为that，从句则变成了由that引导的定语从句。
11. [误] The reason why he didn’t attend the party is because his mother was seriously ill.
[正] The reason why he didn’t attend the party is that his mother was seriously ill.
[解析] 此题考查“the reason why…is that
…”句型，意为“…的原因是…”，is后为表语从句。一般来说，从句中不缺少任何成分，句意也很完整时，名词性从句通常用that来引导。
12. [误] You are saying that all the work must be finished in two days, and this is what I disagree.
[正] You are saying that all the work
mustbe finished in two days, and this is where I disagree.
[解析] 系动词is后为表语从句，动词disagree为不及物动词，根据句意可知表语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where来引导。
巩固习题：
1. Word came_________the PLA man sacrified his life to save the little girl who is in danger.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. /
2. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe _________he says.
A. whateverB. whichever
C. no matter whatD. how
3. _________ was known to us all that the boss had broken his promise_________he would give us a rise.
A. As; whichB. What; that
C. It; thatD. It; which
4. She said nothing and nobody knew _________.
A. what is the matter with herB. what the matter is with her
C. what was the matter with herD. what the matter was with her
5. _________Linda can pass the exam is _________her teacher is worrying about now.
A. What; whatB. Whether; what
C. If; thatD. What; what
6. The question he asked was _________ the furniture should be placed.
A. whatB. which
C. whereD. that
7. I don’t doubt _________he will attend tomorrow’s dancing party.
A. whetherB. whenC. ifD. that
8. Last week we made a trip to _________was once a battlefield.
A. whereB. what
C. whichD. when
9. One advantage of holding Olympic Games is_________ it can prosper the development of the local economy.
A. thatB. howC. whyD. when
10. He order that the murderer_________sentenced to death.
A. would beB. must beC. be D. could be
Keys:
1-5.AACCB
6-10.CDBAC