本文报道了逆行胸胃减压术在治疗食管胃吻合瘘中的作用.本组14例均取得了良好结果,其胸腔引流液明显减少,呼吸困难减轻.由于其无鼻咽粘膜及吻合口刺激,不增加手术负担,可长期应用易于管理之优点,在治疗食管胃吻合口瘘时可常规应用.可大大减轻胸腔污染,促进肺膨胀及使炎症局限,为吻合口瘘愈合创造良好条件.本文结合文献讨论了其应用的理论基础. This article reported the role of retrograde thoracic decompression in the treatment of esophageal anastomotic spasm. The group of 14 patients have achieved good results, the chest drainage fluid was significantly reduced, and breathing difficulties are reduced. Because there is no nasopharyngeal mucosa and anastomotic stimulation ,Do not increase the surgical burden, can be applied for easy management of the advantages of long-term, in the treatment of esophageal anastomotic leakage can be routinely used. Can greatly reduce the chest cavity pollution, promote lung expansion and inflammation limitations, to create a good condition for anastomotic fistula healing. The theoretical basis of its application is discussed in conjunction with the literature.