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概念是人们认识客观事物本质的、一般的和共同特征的概括,每一个概念都有它的内涵和外延。内涵是指一个概念所确的本质属性的总和。外延是指一个概念所确的对象范围。我认为要讲清一个概念,必须注意下列几点:1.明确概念的内涵和外延内涵,是掌握概念的关键,外延是激发学生思维的“催化剂”。譬如,讲授化学平衡概念,其定义内涵包括:“一定条件、可逆反应、V_正=V_逆、反应混和物各组分百分含量不变”。这些不可缺一,否则,定义就不成立。定义的外延则包括:“一切可逆的化学反应”。又如:固体物质的
Concept is a generalization of people’s understanding of the nature of objective things, general and common features, each concept has its connotation and extension. Connotation refers to the sum of the essential attributes of a concept. Extension refers to the range of objects that a concept defines. In my opinion, to clarify a concept, we must pay attention to the following points: 1. The concept of connotation and extension of the concept is the key to grasp the concept, and extension is the “catalyst” to inspire students’ thinking. For example, to teach the concept of chemical equilibrium, its definition includes: “a certain condition, reversible reaction, V_positive = V_reverse, the percentage of each component of the reaction mixture is constant”. These are indispensable, otherwise, the definition is not valid. The extension of the definition includes: “all reversible chemical reactions.” Another example: solid matter