一、引言 ~(197)Au的热中子俘获截面是最重要的热中子“标准截面”之一。自四十年代以来,世界各国的科学工作者已经对它进行了大量的测量工作。从测量方法来说,归纳起来有下列五种:活化法、穿透法、中子寿命法、堆振子法和4π型探测器穿透法。其中应用最广、精度最高的是穿透法,即在长波区(中子波长λ超过金的“切割波长”4.7(?)的能区)用穿透法测出全截面,然后经过适当修正外推到热能点(中子能量 I. Introduction ~ (197) The thermal neutron capture cross section of Au is one of the most important “standard cross sections” for thermal neutrons. Since the 1940s, a great deal of measurement has been carried out by scientists from all over the world. From the measurement method, summed up the following five kinds: activation method, penetration method, neutron lifetime method, the heap oscillator method and 4π-type detector penetration method. Among them, the most widely used and most accurate is the penetration method, where the full cross-section is measured by the penetration method in the long wavelength region (the energy region where the neutron wavelength λ exceeds the gold “cut wavelength” 4.7 (?)), Extrapolation to the thermal point (neutron energy