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马克思主义分析资本主义生产关系,是从资本主义经济的细胞形式——商品开始的。马克思通过对商品、货币的分析,阐明劳动价值论,为进一步研究剩余价值理论奠定理论基础。一、商品及其价值的形成马克思研究资本主义生产关系为什么要从商品开始?一是商品生产是资本主义的历史起点。二是资本主义生产方式占统治地位的社会财富,表现为庞大的商品堆积,单个的商品表现为这种财富的元素形式,在商品中已经包含了资本主义生产关系一切矛盾的胚芽。三是从分析问题的方法论来看,由简单到复杂,由抽象到具体,坚持历史和逻辑的统一,更便于阐明问题。(一)商品二因素与生产商品的劳动二重性商品是用来交换的劳动产品。商品具有二因素:使用价值和价值。
Marxist analysis of capitalist relations of production begins with the cellular form of the capitalist economy, the commodity. Through the analysis of commodities and currencies, Marx clarified the theory of labor value and laid the theoretical foundation for the further study of the theory of surplus value. First, the formation of goods and their value Marx’s study of the capitalist relations of production from the beginning of the commodity? First, commodity production is the historical starting point of capitalism. Second, social wealth, which is dominated by the capitalist mode of production, manifests itself in a huge accumulation of commodities. The individual commodity manifests itself as an elemental form of such wealth, and contains all the contradictions in the capitalist relations of production in commodities. Third, from the methodological point of view of analyzing the problem, from simple to complex, from abstraction to concrete, and upholding the unification of history and logic, it is easier to elucidate the issue. (A) of the two factors and the production of goods labor duality Goods are used to exchange labor products. Commodity has two factors: the use value and value.