美国加州蚊媒病毒的生态学与监测

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尽管蚊媒病毒被深入研究与试图控制50余年,但蚊媒病毒仍然继续在地方性流行,并且对加州居民可以引起卫生危害。尽管对其传播开始机理了解很少,但圣路易斯脑炎病毒与西方马脑炎病毒近年春季在河边或农业区跗环库蚊与雀形目的鸟类之间继续扩增。在病毒活动与有利气候条件期间,致倦库蚊与Cx.stigmatosoma作为次要城市媒介,也被感染,并且在住区扩散圣路易斯脑炎病毒。在中部山谷西方马脑炎病毒的扩增引起第二传播周环,涉及到黑尾伊蚊(Ae.melanimon)与兔类,但并不经常传播给人与马。1945年建立了广义的脑炎病毒监测,主要为诊断服务,现代监测跗环库蚊雌虫病毒感染与鸟群与圣路易斯脑炎病毒及西方马脑炎病毒的血清学反应。近年来在洛杉矶等地圣路易斯脑炎病毒病爆发,正在试图研究人类感染此类病毒的危害性。 Although the mosquito virus has been intensively studied and attempted to control it for more than 50 years, the mosquito-borne virus continues to be endemic and can cause health hazards to California residents. Although little is known about the mechanism by which they start to spread, the St. Louis Encephalitis virus and the Western equine encephalitis virus continue to expand in spring or spring between the river cucumbers and the birds of the order Passeriformes in agricultural areas. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, along with Cx.stigmatosoma as a secondary urban vehicle, was also infected during virus activity and favorable climatic conditions and spread St. Louis encephalitis virus in settlements. The amplification of equine equine encephalitis in the Central Valley caused the second cycle of dissemination, involving Ae.melanimon and rabbits but not infrequently to humans and horses. In 1945, a broad-based monitoring of encephalitis virus was established, mainly for diagnostic services, and the modern surveillance of seropositive reactions to flies infected with Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and flocks of birds with St. Louis encephalitis virus and western equine encephalitis virus. In recent years in Los Angeles and other places St. Louis encephalitis virus disease outbreak is trying to study the dangers of human infection with such viruses.
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