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目的:描述南非西开普省送检标本的可疑与涂阳肺结核病人的性别及年龄分布。方法:对 1999 年南非医学研究所检验室的登记资料进行回顾性研究。结果:男性可疑结核病人数多于女性,性别比为1.45∶1;确诊结核病人数的男女比例为 2.08∶1。涂片阳性对性别的比数比(OR 值)为 1.544。涂阳病例中的男性比例明显超过 1996 年人口普查中全人口中的男性比例。不仅仅在绝对数上男性可疑结核病人和确诊病例多于女性,就连男性可疑病人诊断为涂阳病例的比例也超过女性。近年来的文献报告了这种新发涂阳病人的性别年龄分布趋势。结论:本次研究的结核病性别发病率与其他发展中国家的报告一致。女性可疑结核病人诊断为涂阳比例较低的结果提示,女性的可疑指数高,和/或男性的就诊延误严重。
PURPOSE: To describe the gender and age distribution of suspected and smear positive tuberculosis patients in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the registration data of the laboratory of the South African Institute of Medicine in 1999. Results: The number of suspicious TB patients in men was higher than that in women, with a sex ratio of 1.45:1. The male-female ratio of confirmed tuberculosis patients was 2.08:1. The positive ratio of smear to sex (OR) was 1.544. The proportion of males in smear-positive cases significantly exceeded that of males in the 1996 census. Not only are absolute numbers of suspicious TB patients and confirmed cases more men than women, but even men are more likely to be smear-positive than suspect cases. In recent years, the literature reports on the gender distribution of the new smear-positive patients. Conclusion: The incidence of tuberculosis in this study is consistent with the reports of other developing countries. The low prevalence of smear-positive results for women with suspected tuberculosis suggests that women have high suspicion indices and / or severe delays in men’s visits.