一、明确抗病育种的主攻方向选育抗病品种,是经济有效的防病途径和措施。关中地区小麦品种经过了三次大的更换,有效的控制了锈病的发生,对小麦增产起了显著的作用。但因条锈菌生理小种的改变,而多次发生品种抗病性的丧失,故抗条锈仍须摆到首要的地位。随着高产品种的选育和推广,又出现了一些新的病害,即由雪腐镰刀菌引起的小麦叶枯病和禾谷镰刀菌引起的赤霉病。叶枯病是生产上的新病害,赤霉病过去为害较轻,但近年来有愈益严重的趋势。尤其在矮秆高产品种选育中,这两种病更严重,是高产育种中的难关,应予以足够地重视。对叶锈和白粉病也应适当地注意。 First, a clear disease-resistant breeding The main direction Breeding resistant varieties, is a cost-effective pathways and measures to prevent disease. Guanzhong wheat varieties after three major replacement, effective control of the occurrence of rust, the wheat yield has played a significant role. However, due to the change of the physiological races of stripe rust and the loss of disease resistance of the races many times, the stripe rust resistance still needs to be placed in the primary position. With the breeding and popularization of high-yielding varieties, some new diseases have emerged, namely wheat leaf blight caused by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight. Leaf blight is a new disease in production. Scab has been less harmful in the past, but in recent years, it has become more and more serious. Especially in the breeding of dwarf high-yielding varieties, the two diseases are more serious, which is the difficulty in high-yielding breeding and should be given enough attention. Leaf rust and powdery mildew should also be properly noted.