目的:探讨城镇化对居民健康的影响。方法:使用中国健康和营养调查2000年、2004年和2006年的数据,运用有序概率(ordered probit)模型进行实证分析。结果:一是城镇化对居民健康有着正向影响,城镇化使得居民自评自己的健康水平为很好的可能性提高了11.8%;二是社会经济地位较高居民的健康水平受到城镇化的正面影响的程度大于社会经济地位较低居民。结论:在城镇化过程中,应保障全体居民获得健康的权益,尤其重视社会经济地位较低的居民的权益,建立可持续化发展的城镇化。 Objective: To explore the impact of urbanization on residents’ health. METHODS: Empirical studies were conducted using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000, 2004 and 2006 using an ordered probit model. Results: First, urbanization has a positive impact on residents’ health. Urbanization has raised residents’ odds that their own health is good by 11.8%. Second, the socio-economic status is higher. Residents’ health is influenced by urbanization The positive impact is greater than the lower socio-economic status of residents. Conclusion: During the process of urbanization, all residents should be guaranteed healthy rights, especially the rights and interests of residents with lower socio-economic status, and urbanization with sustainable development should be established.