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采用均匀布点、重点加密、充分考虑农田种植类型的原则,采集北京市大兴区长子营镇58份土壤表层样品,用土壤养分常规分析和SPSS相关分析方法,研究北京东南郊农田土壤养分状况及空间分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量及pH值的平均值分别为14.5g/kg、1.13g/kg、82.1mg/kg、129.1mg/kg和8.16。以全国土壤养分分级方法为评价标准,土壤全氮含量为中等水平,土壤有机质含量为中等偏下水平,有机质含量主要集中在Ⅲ~Ⅴ级,约占87.9%;土壤有效磷含量水平较高,主要集中在Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,约占87.9%,且有效磷的变异系数为113.73%,属于强变异,呈明显的区域不均匀分布;土壤速效钾含量为中等偏上水平。相关系数分析结果表明,5种养分含量均存在显著相关性。不同农田类型间比较,土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷的含量均表现为设施菜田>露地菜田>粮田>果园,速效钾的含量表现为设施菜田>果园>露地菜田>粮田。采用ArcGIS中的无偏最佳估值的普通克立格方法进行空间插值,分析表明,长子营镇土壤养分的空间分布特征为中北部含量高于南部,尤其以中部地区含量最高。
58 soil samples were collected from Changziying town, Daxing district, Beijing. The soil nutrient status and spatial distribution of farmland in the southeast suburbs of Beijing were studied by means of routine soil nutrient analysis and SPSS correlation analysis. Distribution characteristics. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value were 14.5g / kg, 1.13g / kg, 82.1mg / kg, 129.1mg / kg and 8.16 respectively. According to the national soil nutrient classification method, the soil total nitrogen content is medium level, soil organic matter content is middle-lower level, and the organic matter content is mainly in Ⅲ ~ Ⅴ level, accounting for 87.9%. The content of soil available phosphorus is high, Mainly in Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ grade, accounting for about 87.9%, and the coefficient of variation of available phosphorus was 113.73%, which belonged to strong variation with obvious regional uneven distribution. The content of available potassium in soil was mid-level upper level. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that there were significant correlations among the five nutrient contents. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in different types of farmland all showed as: vegetable field> field vegetable field> grain field> orchard, and the contents of available potassium were as follows: vegetable field> orchard> field vegetable field> grain field . Spatial interpolation was performed using the common Kriging method with unbiased best estimate in ArcGIS. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil nutrients in Changziziyou was higher in the central and northern part than in the southern part, especially in the central part.