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俄国十月革命后,中东铁路成为中国、苏俄及列强关注的重要问题。从1917年到1924年中苏建交,中国北京政府积极努力,试图收回中东铁路的主权,但因其受制于列强,错失了良机。苏俄从其利益出发,先是宣布无条件归还中东铁路,继而将路区划入远东共和国的疆界,后与中国议定由中国备款赎回路权。美、日、英、法等国基于中东铁路的重要地理及战略位置,纷纷参与争夺,干涉中苏交涉,使得中东铁路问题变得更加复杂。
After the October Revolution in Russia, the Middle East Railway became an important issue of concern to China, Soviet Russia and the Powers. From 1917 to 1924, the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union and the Chinese government in Beijing tried their best to recover the sovereignty of the Middle East Railway. However, because of being subject to the powers, the opportunity was missed. From its own interests, the Soviet Union first announced the unconditional return of the Middle East Railway, which in turn divided the road area into the borders of the Far Eastern Republic and later agreed with China to make a redemption of road rights from China. Based on the important geographical and strategic location of the Middle East Railway, the United States, Japan, Britain, France and other countries all took part in the battle and interfered in the negotiations between China and the Soviet Union, making the issue of the Middle East Railway more complicated.