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一、问题的提出档案字迹退变是我国当今纸质档案保护中存在的主要难题之一。随着圆珠笔、复写纸等不耐久字迹材料的问世和广泛使用,馆(室)藏档案文件中的劣质字迹愈来愈多,加之保管条件不善、保护措施有限,档案字迹退变问题相当严重。以西安市为例:1991年7月,市档案局对区县级11个档案馆保存的五、六十年代形成的档案进行调查①,“共计抽查档案18394卷。字迹退变的有320969页,占总数的21.8％。……退变的多是复写纸、圆珠笔、铅笔、劣质纯蓝墨水等写成的档案文件。”抽测分析表明,在退变字迹材料中,“用圆珠笔、复写纸书写的90％以上都已扩散,严重看不清字迹的占30％。”
First, the question raised Archival writing degeneration is the paper in our country today, one of the major problems in the protection of files. With the advent and extensive use of non-durable handwriting materials such as ball-point pens and carbon-copy paper, the inferior handwriting in the archives of museums and houses is increasing. In addition to the poor storage conditions and the limited protection measures, the problem of archival handwriting degeneration is quite serious. Taking Xi’an as an Example: In July 1991, the Municipal Archives Bureau investigated the archives formed in the 1950s and 1960s of 11 archives at the district and county levels, “a total of 18394 volumes were randomly selected and searched, and there were 320,969 pages , Accounting for 21.8% of the total ... ... Degradation is mostly carbon paper, ball-point pencils, pencils, poor quality pure blue ink and other files written in. ”Evidence analysis shows that in degenerate handwriting materials," with a ballpoint pen, carbon paper 90 % Of the above have been diffused, seriously unable to read the written account for 30%.