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以黑农48大豆品种为供试材料,采用砂培法,通过大豆生育期间淋浇不同的磷素水平营养液,研究了磷素营养水平变化对大豆植株磷素积累量及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:全生育期低磷处理(P1)的大豆植株中磷素积累总量(391.5 mg·盆-1)明显低于高磷处理(P31)(988.2 mg·盆-1),其它处理无论是先高磷后低磷还是先低磷后高磷全株磷积累量都与高磷处理的时间成正比。R1~R5期是植株磷积累最敏感的时期;籽粒磷素积累量占全株磷素总量的比例,比其它器官所占比例都要高。高磷时间越长磷素分配到籽粒中的比例就越低,磷营养不足时植株会优先满足籽粒对磷的需求。R1期以前磷营养水平决定株高和节数。大豆粒数、百粒重、产量以及大豆籽粒中蛋白质和脂肪的含量会随着高磷时间的增加而增加。V3~R1期高磷对产量的提升作用最大,R1~R5期是低磷胁迫最为敏感的时期。大豆前期磷素营养充足对后期产量形成有后效,前期磷素营养不足,后期施充足的磷素对产量形成有一定的补偿作用。
Taking Heinong 48 soybean varieties as tested material, sand culture was used to study the effect of phosphorus nutrition level on phosphorus accumulation, yield and quality of soybean plants by using different levels of phosphorus nutrient solution during soybean growth period . The results showed that the total amount of phosphorus accumulation (391.5 mg · pot -1) in soybean plants under low phosphorus treatment (P1) during the whole growth period was significantly lower than that under high phosphorus treatments (P31) (988.2 mg · pot -1) Is the first high phosphorus or low phosphorus after the first high phosphorus whole plant phosphorus accumulation are proportional to the time of high phosphorus treatment. R1 ~ R5 phase is the most sensitive plant phosphorus accumulation period; grain phosphorus accumulation accounted for the proportion of the total phosphorus plant, the proportion of other organs should be higher. The longer the high P, the lower the proportion of P allocated to the grain, and the lower the phosphorus is, the more the plant will meet the demand of phosphorus for the grain. Phosphorus levels before R1 determine plant height and number of nodes. Soybean grain number, 100-grain weight, yield, and protein and fat content in soybean grain increase with increasing high phosphorus time. The effect of high phosphorus from V3 ~ R1 on the increase of yield was greatest, and R1 ~ R5 was the most sensitive period of low phosphorus stress. Pre-soybean phosphorus nutrition sufficient late formation of a post-production effect, lack of pre-phosphorus nutrition, the late application of adequate phosphorus on the formation of a certain amount of compensation.