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目的了解深圳市流动儿童监护人预防接种知识知晓程度及影响因素,为制定免疫规划信息传播策略提供科学依据。方法采用容量比例概率抽样调查法对610名流动儿童监护人进行问卷调查。结果福田区流动儿童家长预防接种知识得分(76.87±16.31)分,接种门诊基础知识知晓率为90.30%,疫苗及疾病相关知识知晓率为68.77%,预防接种注意事项知识知晓率为93.74%,预防接种不良反应知识知晓率为64.50%,不同类型知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 449.18,P=0.000)。一般线性回归分析结果显示,城镇户籍监护人预防接种知识掌握比农村户籍监护人好(B=1.325,P=0.001),母亲知识掌握比其他监护人好(B=2.216,P=0.000),母亲职业是公务员/职员/国企比其他职业监护人好(B=1.836,P=0.002),文化程度高预防接种知识掌握较好(初中及以下B=-2.281,高中/中专/技校B=0.699,大学及以上B=1.865;P<0.05),家庭收入高预防接种知识掌握较好(月收入<5 000元B=-1.221,5 000~10 000元B=-0.873;P<0.05)。结论应加强预防接种不良反应、疫苗及疾病相关知识方面的宣教,重点针对农村户籍、儿童母亲、低文化、低收入家庭,开展多种形式的健康教育,提高预防接种知晓率。
Objective To understand the awareness of influencing factors of vaccination knowledge of migrant children guardians in Shenzhen and to provide a scientific basis for formulating information dissemination strategies of immunization programs. Methods Six hundred and sixty migrant children’s guardians were surveyed by volume proportion probability sampling. Results The knowledge of vaccination of floating children in Futian District was 76.87 ± 16.31, the awareness rate of basic knowledge of vaccination was 90.30%, the awareness rate of vaccine and disease-related knowledge was 68.77%, the awareness rate of precautionary vaccination knowledge was 93.74% The awareness rate of adverse reaction knowledge was 64.50%. There was significant difference between different types of knowledge awareness rate (χ2 = 1 449.18, P = 0.000). The results of general linear regression analysis showed that the guard knowledge of urban domicile guardians was better than that of rural dwellers (B = 1.325, P = 0.001), that of mother was better than that of other guardians (B = 2.216, P = 0.000) (B = 1.836, P = 0.002), higher educational attainment knowledge of vaccination is better (junior high school and below B = -2.281, high school / technical school / technical school B = 0.699, university and above B = 1.865; P <0.05) .However, the family income was better than that of vaccination (monthly income <5 000 yuan B = -1.221,5000-10 000 yuan B = -0.873; P <0.05). Conclusion We should step up education on prevention of adverse reactions of vaccination, vaccines and disease-related knowledge, and focus on rural household registration, children’s mothers, low-cultural and low-income families, carry out various forms of health education and raise the awareness of vaccination.