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为研究核果类果树的进化和系统发育,选择桃、李、梅、杏、樱桃各2～4个主要种或变种共16个基因型测定其ITS序列,与从GenBank下载的6个核果类果树ITS序列形成了较为全面的数据矩阵。采用二次置根法用樱桃置根,用PAUP软件计算数据集在56个进化模型的得分,Modeltest筛选最佳模型和参数,计算遗传距离、变异,用最大简约法构建了桃、李、梅、杏、樱桃的系统发育树。结果表明:1.核果类果树各组ITS1和ITS2的分子进化速率不同,信息量也不同;2.核果类果树演化顺序为:共同的原始材料分化成樱桃、李、杏,再由李进化产生桃,杏进化产生梅;3.辽杏较普通杏和西伯利亚杏原始,桃演化顺序是:巴旦杏—山桃—普通桃、新疆桃;4.本结果支持将核果类果树分成4个亚属。
In order to study the evolution and phylogeny of fruit trees, 16 ITS sequences were selected from 2 to 4 major species or varieties of peach, plum, plum, apricot and cherry, and their ITS sequences were compared with 6 drupe fruit trees downloaded from GenBank ITS sequence formed a more comprehensive data matrix. Using double root pruning method, cherry was used to set root, PAUP software was used to calculate the score of dataset in 56 evolutionary models, Modeltest was used to select the best model and parameters, genetic distance and variation were calculated, and peach, plum, plum , Apricot, cherry phylogenetic tree. The results showed as follows: 1. The molecular evolution rates of ITS1 and ITS2 in different groups were different, and the amount of information was also different. 2. The evolutionary sequence of stone fruits was: the common raw materials were differentiated into cherry, plum and apricot, Apricot and apricot evolved to produce plum; 3.Liaoxing apricot and Siberian apricot primitive, peach evolution sequence is: almond - mountain peach - common peach, Xinjiang peach; 4. The results support the stone fruit tree is divided into four subgenus.