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嗜碱粒细胞,最早由Paul Ehrlich在1879发现并描述,因为它有容易被碱性染料着色的特性而被命名为嗜碱粒细胞。由于只占血液循环中白细胞总数的0.01%~0.3%,被称为最不常见的粒细胞。近20年来,人们发现小鼠和人的嗜碱粒细胞可以快速分泌大量的Th2类型的细胞因子,进而改变了嗜碱粒细胞只能分泌组胺和白三烯而作为效应细胞的这种简单而传统的印象。最近2年的研究更进一步发现,嗜碱粒细胞可作为启动Th2应答的抗原提呈细胞。本文旨在对嗜碱粒细胞在Th2应答的形成中的重要作用作一总结及讨论,为研究过敏性疾病及寄生虫免疫的机制及治疗途径提供新思路。
Basophil, first discovered and described by Paul Ehrlich in 1879, is named basophil because it has the property of being easily colored by alkaline dyes. As only accounting for 0.01% to 0.3% of the total number of white blood cells in the blood circulation, is called the most common granulocyte. In the recent 20 years, it has been found that murine and human basophils can rapidly secrete a large number of Th2-type cytokines and thereby change the simplicity that basophils secrete histamine and leukotrienes only as effector cells The traditional impression. Recent 2 years of research further found that basophils can be used as antigen-presenting cells to start the Th2 response. This article aims to summarize and discuss the important role of basophils in the formation of Th2 response, and provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism and treatment of allergic diseases and parasite immunity.