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1 引言 近年来,随着城市建设的发展和高层建筑物的增加,在建筑行业,起重机械尤其是塔式起重机(简称塔吊)应用得非常广泛。据80年代全国建工系统的统计,起重吊装、垂直运输的机械化程度已达91.56％,而且,随着起重吊装机械化程度的提高,机械化质量也有很大的提高,塔式起重机在施工中越来越发挥出巨大作用。但是,随着塔式起重机使用数量的不断增加,机械事故和人身安全事故也不断增加,而且常常是重大安全事故。据不完全统计,1998年至2000年底,在塔式起重机事故中一次死亡3人以上的重大事故全国就有25起,造成76人死亡,18人重伤。事故的频繁发生,给人民生命财产
1 Introduction In recent years, with the development of urban construction and the increase of high-rise buildings, cranes, especially tower cranes, are widely used in the construction industry. According to statistics of the national construction system in the 1980s, the degree of mechanization of lifting, hoisting and vertical transportation has reached 91.56%. Moreover, as the degree of mechanization of hoisting and hoisting increases, the quality of mechanization has also been greatly improved. The tower crane is under construction To play a more significant role. However, as the number of tower cranes used continues to increase, the number of mechanical and personal safety incidents also increases and is often a major safety incident. According to incomplete statistics, from 1998 to the end of 2000, there were 25 major accidents causing more than three deaths each in a tower crane accident, killing 76 people and injuring 18 others. Frequent accidents occur, giving people life and property