论文部分内容阅读
本文系统地分析我国企业成本外部化现象的四个主要形式,估算其直接间接损失占国内生产总值的比重,分析其制度化原因和锁定状态,以及地方政府在其中所起的作用,提出解锁的路径。研究表明,四个方面的外部化成本保守估计共占GDP的17.2%,外部化成本接近于全部税收,或各行业总利润的总和。地方政府事实上已成为成本外部化的强势推动者,既得利益和制度使得经济运行锁定在这一状态。本文提出“去外部化”是创新型国家和转型成功的必由之路和关键;逐步“解锁”成本外部化具有可行性;“去外部化”必须进行顶层制度设计;从地方政府考核激励机制、税制、环保部门管辖与运行制度和社会保障体系改革四方面提出了政策建议。
This paper systematically analyzes the four main forms of external cost of business cost in our country, estimates the proportion of direct indirect loss in GDP, analyzes its institutional reasons and the state of lock-in, and the role of local government in it, path of. The research shows that four aspects of the externalization cost conservatively estimate a total of 17.2% of GDP, and the externalization cost is close to the total tax revenue or the total profit of each industry. Local governments have, in fact, become strong promoters of cost externalization with vested interests and institutions that keep economic operations locked in this state. This paper proposes that “de-externalizing” is the only way and key to an innovation-oriented country and a successful transition. It is feasible to gradually “unlock” the cost of externalization; “de-externalizing” must be designed at the top level; Evaluation and incentive mechanism, the tax system, the environmental protection department’s jurisdiction and operation system and the reform of social security system put forward four policy recommendations.