目的:探讨补益中药对大鼠运动性肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:75只7周龄雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:对照组(C组,12只)、一般训练组(M组,12只)、过度训练组(OM组,24只)和中药+过度训练组(TM组,24只),M组、OM组和TM组进行8周56天的游泳训练。采用专业灌胃器每天灌胃1次,TM组灌胃采用黄芪、苦参等组成的复合中药制剂,剂量为1 g·kg~(-1),体积为5m1·kg~(-1),其他各组灌胃等量生理盐水。末次训练后24 h,采用HE染色观察肾组织形态变化,电镜观察肾组织病理变化,酶联免疫吸附法和免疫组织化学法检测血清和肾组织IL-1β、TTNF-α、IL-6、IL-18蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测肾组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA、IL-6 mRNA、IL-18 mRNA基因表达。结果:(1)8周实验后,光镜下C组和M组大鼠肾组织结构正常;OM组肾小球淤血,小管上皮细胞水肿、空泡变性、管腔扩张,管腔有少量脱落绒毛、上皮细胞及各种管型;TM组肾组织病理学改变较OM组轻,小管上皮细胞有轻微的水肿、空泡变性和管腔扩张,无蛋白管型和细胞管型。OM组和TM组Paller评分显著高于C组(P<0.01),TM组显著低于OM组(P<0.05)。电镜下C组结构正常;M组基底膜偶见轻微增厚,系膜区不扩大,系膜细胞不增多,滤过膜结构正常,上皮足突无融合;OM组部分基底膜呈不规则节段性增厚,系膜基质明显增多,系膜细胞增生,上皮细胞足突广泛融合;TM组仍有较轻系膜区扩大和基底膜呈不规则节段性增厚,上皮细胞足突融合不明显,病变程度明显减轻。(2)OM组和TM组血尿素氮和血清肌酐显著高于C组(P<0.01),TM组显著低于OM组(P<0.05);OM组和TM组血清和肾组织IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-18蛋白表达显著高于C组(p<0.01),ITM组显著低于OM组(P<0.05);OM组和TM组肾组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA、IL-6 mRNA和IL-18 mRNA表达上调显著高于C组(P<0.01),TM组显著低于OM组(P<0.05)。结论:8周过度训练导致大鼠运动性肾缺血再灌注,肾组织超微结构严重破坏,组织病理学明显改变。补益中药明显减轻肾脏组织超微结构破坏程度及组织病理学改变,其可能通过抑制炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-18表达,提高机体免疫及耐受各种应激刺激的能力,对过度训练导致的运动性肾缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。 Objective: To investigate the protective effect of replenishing herbs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Seventy - five male Wistar rats, 7 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group, 12 rats), general training group (M group, 12 rats), over training group (OM group, 24 rats) + Over training group (TM group, 24 rats), M group, OM group and TM group for 8 weeks and 56 days swimming training. The rats in TM group were given gavage with Astragalus membranaceus and Sophora flavescens. The dose was 1 g · kg -1 and the volume was 5 ml · kg -1. The other groups were given the same amount of saline. Twenty-four hours after the last training, the morphological changes of renal tissues were observed by HE staining. The pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by electron microscope. The levels of IL-1β, TTNF-α, IL-6 and IL-6 in serum and kidney tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay The expression of IL-1βmRNA, TNF-αmRNA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-18 mRNA in renal tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Results: (1) After 8 weeks of experiment, the structure of kidney in C group and M group under light microscope were normal. Glomerular congestion, tubular epithelial cell edema, vacuolar degeneration and lumen dilatation in OM group were slight Villi, epithelial cells and various tube types. The changes of renal histopathology in TM group were lighter than those in OM group. Tubular epithelial cells had slight edema, vacuolar degeneration and luminal dilation without protein tube and cell tube. Paller score in OM group and TM group was significantly higher than that in C group (P <0.01), and TM group was significantly lower than OM group (P <0.05). Under the electron microscope, the structure of group C was normal; the basement membrane in group M occasionally increased slightly, the mesangial area did not expand, the number of mesangial cells did not increase, the membrane structure was normal and there was no fusion of epithelial foot process; Thickening of the segment, significantly increased mesangial matrix, mesangial cell proliferation, epithelial foot process a wide range of fusion; TM group still had a lighter mesangial area and basement membrane was irregular segmental thickening, epithelial cell foot process fusion is not obvious, lesions Significantly reduce the degree. (2) Serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in OM group and TM group were significantly higher than those in C group (P <0.01), while those in TM group were significantly lower than those in OM group (P <0.05) , TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 protein levels in the ITM group were significantly higher than those in the C group (P <0.05); The levels of IL-1βmRNA, TNF The mRNA expression of IL-6, α-mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-18 mRNA in group TM was significantly higher than that in group C (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Excessive training for 8 weeks led to exercise-induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and severe ultrastructural destruction of renal tissues, which markedly changed the histopathology. Tonic Chinese medicine significantly reduce the destruction of renal tissue ultrastructure and histopathological changes, which may be through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18 expression, improve immunity and tolerance to various The ability of stress stimulation has the protective effect on exercise-induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by over-training.