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目的:了解海宁市居民对糖尿病相关知识的知晓情况,评价健康教育的效果。方法:随机抽取参与中国糖尿病基层培训项目的25个社区共1 000人,开展为期1年的各种形式的健康教育活动,干预前后进行问卷调查,同时对糖尿病人自我管理行为进行调查。结果:干预后糖尿病患者、高危人群及普通居民三类人群糖尿病的症状、诊断依据、高危人群定义、糖尿病的危害、糖尿病的危险因素、糖尿病饮食及治疗等的知晓率均高于干预前(χ2>3.84,P<0.01);干预后糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼及自觉改变不良饮食和生活方式的比例分别由64.57%和76.96%提高到82.17%和99.78%(χ2=7.419,P<0.01;χ2=25.989,P<0.01)。结论:通过进行一定频度的系统的健康教育,可以明显提高居民的糖尿病知识知晓程度,提高糖尿病患者的自我管理技能。
Objective: To understand the residents of Haining know about the knowledge of diabetes, evaluate the effect of health education. Methods: A total of 1 000 people from 25 communities in China’s grassroots diabetes training program were randomly selected to carry out one-year health education activities of various forms. Questionnaires were conducted before and after the intervention, and the self-management behaviors of people with diabetes mellitus were investigated. Results: The prevalence of diabetes, diagnosis, definition of high risk population, risk of diabetes, risk factors of diabetes, diabetes diet and treatment were higher than those before intervention (χ2 > 3.84, P <0.01). After intervention, the proportion of diabetic patients who did physical exercise and consciously change their poor diet and lifestyle increased from 64.57% and 76.96% to 82.17% and 99.78%, respectively (χ2 = 7.419, 25.989, P <0.01). Conclusion: By carrying out systematic health education at a certain frequency, it is possible to significantly increase residents’ knowledge of diabetes and improve the self-management skills of patients with diabetes.