【摘 要】
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Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling either promotes or inhibits tumor formation and/or progression of many cancer types including squamous cell car
【机 构】
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State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatolo
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Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling either promotes or inhibits tumor formation and/or progression of many cancer types including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Canonical TGF-β signaling is mediated by a number of downstream proteins including Smad family proteins.Alterations in either TGF-β or Smad signaling can impact cancer.For instance,defects in TGF-βtype Ⅰ and type Ⅱ receptors (TGF-βRⅠ and TGF-βRⅡ) and in Smad2/3/4 could promote tumor development.Conversely,increased TGF-β1 and activated TGF-βRⅠ and Smad3 have all been shown to have tumor-promoting effects in experimental systems of human and mouse SCCs.Among TGF-β/Smad signaling,only TGF-βRⅡ or Smad4 deletion in mouse epithelium causes spontaneous SCC in the mouse model,highlighting the critical roles of TGF-βRⅡ and Smad4 in tumor suppression.Herein,we review the dual roles of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and related mechanisms in SCC,highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of TGF-β/Smad-targeted therapies.
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