论文部分内容阅读
作为INDEPTH计划的第一阶段,完成了一条跨过特提斯喜马拉雅南缘的深地震共中点(CMP)剖面,它绘制出俯冲到喜马拉雅之下的印度大陆地壳的顶部(主喜马拉雅道冲或MHT)和底部(莫霍层)轮廓。我们用移动式地震仪记录了CMP剖面的爆炸,偏移距最大达155km。短偏移距数据证实了CMP剖面的数据,而我们的大偏移距数据则以强反射带为主。我们将这一反射带的强的初始相位解释为藏南滑脱系(STD),而其最后一个相位则为MHT的反映。我们用CMP剖面的初动数据去详细地模拟最上部2km的结构。亚东裂谷系中年青的伸展盆地的深度约束在2km,给出了裂谷东侧的断距为4.6km,在特提斯喜马拉雅内的正断层,E-W向伸展1.5%。宽角数据用于建立地表到MHT的地震波速度模型。STD反射体北倾13°,从约6km深(在CMP剖面南端之下)到22km深,然后变平,倾角减至5°。这样,我们的观测提出STD是一个深的基底断裂,对MHT,我们观测到倾角为75°,NNE倾,从高喜马拉雅山脊下的-20km海拔到雅鲁藏布江缝合带南约70km处的-36km海拔(地表下40km)。我们提出印度地壳可能俯冲到缝合带地表之下,却不可能是整体俯冲。
As the first phase of the INDEPTH project, a deep seismic co-ordinate (CMP) section across the southern margin of the Tethys Himalayas has been completed, depicting the top of the Indian continental crust that subducted beneath the Himalayas (the main Himalayan or MHT) and bottom (mojo layer) profiles. We recorded the CMP profile explosion with a mobile seismometer at a maximum offset of 155 km. Short offset data confirm the data of the CMP profile, while our large offset data is dominated by strong reflection. We interpret the strong initial phase of this reflection band as the southern Tibetan detachment (STD) and the last phase as a reflection of the MHT. We use the CMP profile of the initial data to simulate the structure of the top 2km. The depth of the middle-advancing extensional basin in the Yadong Rift is constrained to 2 km, giving a break of 4.6 km to the east of the rift. In the normal fault in the Tethyan Himalayas, the E-W extends 1.5% . Wide-angle data is used to model the velocity of seismic waves from the surface to the MHT. The STD reflector is pitched 13 ° northward, from about 6 km deep (below the southern end of the CMP profile) to 22 km deep and then flattens with a dip of 5 °. In this way, our observations suggest that the STD is a deep basal fault. For MHT, we observed dip angles of 75 ° and NNE dip, from -20km above the high Himalayan ridge to -36km above sea level at about 70km south of the Yarlung Zangbo suture 40km below the surface). We suggest that the Indian crust may subduct below the surface of the suture zone, but it can not be the overall subduction.