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目的了解某漂白粉生产企业存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,评价其职业病危害防护措施效果,为漂白粉生产企业的职业病防治提供依据。方法采用现场卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测、职业健康检查和检查表法等方法对用人单位的职业危害现状进行评价。结果该企业主要的职业病危害因素为氧化钙、氯气、其他粉尘、噪声。粉尘检测岗位合格率为33.3%,其中消灰岗位时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)为44.7~102.7 mg/m3,氯化(进料辅助)岗位CTWA为8.9~38.2 mg/m3,兼职石灰粉生产(投料)岗位CTWA为38.9 mg/m3,兼职石灰粉生产(接料)岗位CTWA为52.9 mg/m3,均超出职业卫生接触限值。化学毒物检测合格率为20.0%,消灰岗位氧化钙CTWA为6.0~31.8 mg/m3,氯化(流量监测)岗氯气Cmax为1.1 mg/m3,氯化(接料)岗氯气Cmax为1.2 mg/m3,包装岗氯气Cmax为1.2 mg/m3,均超出职业卫生接触限值。噪声检测岗位合格率为85.7%,兼职石灰粉生产(投料)岗位8 h等效声级(LEX,8 h)为92.9 d B(A),超过职业卫生接触限值。结论该企业职业病危害程度较重,需加强粉尘、化学毒物的防护,职业病危害防护设施、个人防护用品尚需完善。
Objective To understand the harm factors of occupational diseases and their harmfulness in a bleaching powder production enterprise and evaluate the effect of protective measures against occupational hazards so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in bleaching powder production enterprises. Methods The methods of on-site hygiene investigation, occupational hazards detection, occupational health examination and checklist method were used to evaluate the occupational hazards status of employing units. Results The main occupational hazards of the enterprise are calcium oxide, chlorine, other dust and noise. The qualified rate of dust detection was 33.3%, including the time weighted average concentration of waste ash removal time (CTWA) of 44.7 ~ 102.7 mg / m3 and the CTWA of chlorination (feed auxiliary) of 8.9 ~ 38.2 mg / m3, The CTWA of the post was 38.9 mg / m3, and the CTWA of 5290 mg / m3 for the limestone powder production (joiner) position exceeded the occupational health exposure limit. The qualified rate of detection of chemical poisons was 20.0%, the CTWA of descaling calcium oxide was 6.0 ~ 31.8 mg / m3, the Cmax of chlorination (flow monitoring) was 1.1 mg / m3, and the Cmax of chlorination (feed) / m3, Cmax of packing post chlorine is 1.2 mg / m3, all exceeding occupational health exposure limits. The passing rate of noise detection posts was 85.7%, and the 8-h equivalent sound level (LEX, 8 h) of part-time lime powder production (feed) was 92.9 d B (A), exceeding the occupational hygiene exposure limit. Conclusion The enterprise has a high degree of occupational disease hazards. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of dust and chemical poisons, the protective facilities against occupational hazards, and the need for personal protective equipment to be improved.