目的了解某铅采选企业周边儿童血铅水平及相关因素。方法采取分层整群随机抽样和单纯随机抽样相结合的方法,于2012年5—6月调查某铅采选企业周边5 km范围内的KS镇常驻人口中3~14岁儿童384名,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行血铅含量测定,并做相关因素问卷调查。结果测得儿童血铅水平中位数为208.62μg/L,P25为155.93μg/L,P75为279.47μg/L,达到高铅血症水平(≥100μg/L)的儿童比例为94.53%,达到铅中毒水平(≥200μg/L)的儿童比例为54.69%;距离企业大于4 km的JL村儿童血铅水平明显低于距离企业4 km范围内的3个村(P<0.001);血铅水平男童明显高于女童(P<0.01)。影响儿童铅暴露的因素主要是性别、儿童啃咬手指或其他物品和吃东西前不洗手。结论该企业周边儿童血铅水平和血铅超标率情况已非常严重,相关干预措施亟待开展。 Objective To understand the blood lead levels and related factors in children around a lead mining enterprise. Methods From May to June in 2012, a total of 384 children aged 3-14 years old from KS permanent population within 5 km around a lead mining enterprise were surveyed by stratified cluster random sampling and simple random sampling. Blood lead levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and related factors were investigated. Results The median blood lead level in children was 208.62μg / L, P25 was 155.93μg / L, P75 was 279.47μg / L, and the percentage of children reaching high blood lead level (≥100μg / L) was 94.53% Children with lead poisoning (≥200 μg / L) had a 54.69% share of children; blood lead levels were significantly lower in children with JL who were more than 4 km from the enterprise than in the village within 4 km (P <0.001); blood lead levels Boys were significantly higher than girls (P <0.01). The main factors that affect children’s lead exposure are gender. Children do not wash their hands before chewing on fingers or other items and eating. Conclusion The levels of blood lead and blood lead overweight in children around the enterprise have been very serious, and relevant interventions are urgently needed.