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目的总结分析2003-2012年内蒙古长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地内蚤类的监测结果,为分析该疫源地动物鼠疫流行特点及有效地开展鼠疫防治工作提供可靠的基础数据。方法在内蒙古24个长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地内以旗(县)为单位开展监测,按不同生境分层进行抽样,将捕获的各种鼠类体外寄生蚤全部在低倍镜下进行不透明标本分类鉴定,用探蚤棒对长爪沙鼠洞干进行蚤类采集和鉴定,挖掘代表性的鼠巢收集蚤类;对获取的蚤类,按照《鼠疫自然疫源地及动物鼠疫流行判定标准》(GB 16883-1997和GB 16883-1997附录B),采用鼠疫细菌学培养方法进行检验。应用Excel 2003软件分别对蚤种类、数量及其感染鼠疫情况按不同年代进行统计,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2003-2012年在内蒙古长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地共获蚤类3总科5科14属37种(亚种)82 410匹,各年度获蚤种类波动在26~32种之间,各年度蚤数量波动在6375~9891匹之间,平均每年捕获8241匹。共从14种(亚种)930匹蚤类中检出鼠疫菌;各年度从蚤类中检出鼠疫菌的种类波动在0~9种之间;各年度检出鼠疫菌的蚤数量波动在0~278匹之间,平均每年为93匹。在该疫源地首次发现短距狭蚤。结论由于近年来该疫源地区生态环境受到自然和社会多方面因素的影响,导致该地区寄生蚤种类、数量及染疫情况也出现一些新的特点,作为传播鼠疫的媒介蚤类,今后应进一步对其加强监测和开展防控工作。
Objective To summarize and analyze the monitoring results of fleas in the epidemic area of gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) in Inner Mongolia from 2003 to 2012, and provide reliable basic data for the analysis of epidemic characteristics of plague in this area and the prevention and control of plague. Methods In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 24 Mongolian gerbils plague foci were monitored by flag (counties) and stratified by different habitats. The collected all kinds of rodent parasites were opaque specimens under low magnification Classification and identification, using flea sticks on the gerbil Mongolian gerbil dry flea collection and identification, digging representative rat nest flea; access to the fleas, in accordance with “natural plague plague and animal epidemic determination criteria ”(GB 16883-1997 and GB 16883-1997 Appendix B), using plague bacteriological culture method for testing. Using Excel 2003 software, the species and quantity of fleas and the plague infection were calculated according to different ages respectively, and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze. Results From 2003 to 2012, 37 species (subspecies) of 37 species (subspecies) of 5 families, 14 genera, 5 families, 5 families, and 14 genera were collected from the gerbils of the gerbils in Inner Mongolian gerbils. There were 26 ~ 32 species of fleas in each year, The annual flea fluctuations in the number of 6375 ~ 9891, an average of 8241 catches a year. Yersinia pestis was detected from 930 species of fleas in 14 species (subspecies). The species of Yersinia pestis detected in fleas from year to year fluctuated between 0 and 9 species. The number of fleas detected in each year fluctuated between 0 ~ 278 horses, with an average of 93 horses per year. Short-shelled flea was first found in this source. Conclusion Due to the natural and social factors affecting the ecological environment of the endemic areas in recent years, some new features have also emerged in the species, quantity and epidemic situation of parasitic fleas in the area. As the vector flea to spread plague, we should further To strengthen its monitoring and prevention and control work.