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以火灾工况下人员安全疏散作为控制标准,同时考虑高海拔对烟雾扩散以及人员逃生速度、心理等因素的影响,建立随机停车最不利工况下火灾计算模型以及人员逃生计算模型,分别计算人员逃生可用安全疏散时间及必需安全疏散时间,研究海拔超过3 500 m单洞+服务隧道满足乘车人员全部安全逃生的最佳横通道间距。计算结果表明:在高海拔地区隧道内列车发生火灾且随机停车模式下,将计算所得人员逃生可用时间与人员逃生必需时间进行对比,为保证人员疏散安全,此类铁路隧道横通道间距应250 m设置一道。计算结果可为类似高海拔隧道横通道间距设计提供参考。
Taking the safety evacuation of firefighters as the control standard, taking into account the influence of high altitude on factors such as the spread of smoke and the escape speed of personnel, psychology and other factors, a fire calculation model and an escape calculation model under the most unfavorable conditions of random parking are established. Escape Available Safe Evacuation Time and Required Safe Evacuation Time to study the optimal cross-channel spacing for a single hole + service tunnel above 3,500 m above sea level that meets all the safe escapes for occupants. The results show that in the high-altitude tunnel train fire and random parking mode, the calculation of the time available to escape and escape staff time comparison, in order to ensure the evacuation of personnel safety, the horizontal spacing of such railway tunnel should be 250 m Set one. The calculated results can provide a reference for the design of horizontal channel spacing in similar high altitude tunnels.