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根据20cm蒸发皿蒸发量和E601蒸发器蒸发量资料,采用月折算系数,获取全国499个气象站1961~2006年月水面蒸发量,对其时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,近46年来,全国及七大流域年水面蒸发量均具有减少的趋势,且自20世纪80年代起减少趋势显著;除松花江流域不存在突变现象,辽河流域突变点发生在1967年外,全国及其他流域突变点均发生在20世纪70年代中期;水面蒸发量年内分配不均匀,主要集中在4~9月,且北方的不均匀性大于南方,松花江流域最大,珠江流域最小。受气候变化和人类活动的影响,1980年以后水面蒸发的年内不均匀性有所减小。
According to the evaporation data of 20 cm pan and evaporation of E601 evaporator, monthly conversion coefficient was used to obtain monthly surface water evaporation of 499 stations in China from 1961 to 2006, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics were analyzed. The results show that in the recent 46 years, the annual water evaporation in the whole country and the seven major basins all have a decreasing tendency, and the decreasing trend has been significant since the 1980s; except for the abrupt change in the Songhua River, the mutation point in the Liaohe River Basin occurred in 1967 In addition, the abrupt change occurred in the whole country and other watersheds in the mid 1970s. The surface water evaporation was unevenly distributed during the year, mainly from April to September, with the non-uniformity in the north greater than that in the south, the largest in the Songhua River basin and the smallest in the Pearl River valley . Affected by climate change and human activities, the surface heterogeneity of water surface evaporation after 1980 has been reduced.