1．引言真菌在进化过程中逐渐演化出对各种有毒化合物的不敏感性或耐受性,这些有毒化合物可能是天然毒素如微生物产生的抗生素,或者是植物病原菌特异性的植物防卫素。此外,植物和哺乳动物病害的化学防治还使得真菌不断经受各种人工合成性抗菌化合物(医药品、杀菌剂和抗真菌药物)的选择作用,同时真菌还可能需要适应自己产生的内源性有毒物质如抗生素和真菌毒素,使自身在生境中处于竞争优势。 1. INTRODUCTION Fungi gradually evolve insensitivity or tolerance to various toxic compounds during evolution. These toxic compounds may be natural toxins such as those produced by microorganisms or phyto-pathogen-specific plant defensins. In addition, the chemical control of plant and mammalian diseases also allows the fungus to continue to withstand the selection of various synthetic antibacterial compounds (pharmaceuticals, bactericides and antifungals), while the fungus may also need to adapt to its own endogenous toxic Substances such as antibiotics and mycotoxins place themselves at a competitive edge in habitats.