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新古典经济学由于假设缺乏现实性,而面临众多批判,尤其是勒斯特通过问卷调查发现企业定价并不是按照边际成本等于边际收益定价,进而批判利润最大化的假设。弗里德曼于1953年发表《实证经济学方法论》来反驳这类批判以及阐述自己的方法论思想。本文主要是基于《实证经济学方法论》这篇文章,探究弗里德曼的方法论思想,主要从科学哲学、实证与规范之间的关系以及理论的检验问题来探析弗里德曼的方法论思想。
Neoclassical economics faces many criticisms because of the assumption of lack of reality. In particular, Least finds through questionnaire that firm pricing is not based on the assumption that the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue and then the profit maximization. Friedman published “Methodological Empirical Economics” in 1953 to refute such criticisms and to elaborate his methodological thinking. This article is based on the article “Methodological Empirical Economics” and explores Friedman’s methodological thinking, mainly from the philosophy of science, the relationship between evidence and norms and the test of theory to explore Friedman’s methodology.