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[摘要]目的:观察脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿表浅型血管瘤的疗效。方法:将36例血管瘤患儿随机分为三组,每组均为12例。观察组:给予脉冲染料激光治疗,之后外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液;对照Ⅰ组:单纯给予脉冲染料激光治疗,治疗方案及疗程同观察组;对照Ⅱ组:给予噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗,用药方法及疗程同观察组。结果:观察组脉冲染料激光治疗次数为(2.57±0.90)次,瘤体平均消退时间(71.83±18.71)d,出现表浅瘢痕1例,无其他并发症;对照Ⅰ组激光治疗次数为(5.25±0.75)次,瘤体平均消退时间(141.33±17.78)d,出现表浅瘢痕2例;对照Ⅱ组瘤体平均消退时间为(162.08±16.64)d,无并发症发生。观察组激光治疗次数显著低于对照I组(P<0.05);治疗组瘤体消退时间明显短于对照Ⅰ组、对照Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论:采用脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿血管瘤疗效优于单纯采用激光治疗和单纯外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治療。
[关键词]脉冲染料激光;噻吗洛尔;婴幼儿;血管瘤;表浅型
[中图分类号]R732.2 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)11-0057-03
Abstract: Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of pulsed dye laser combined with external timolol eye drops in the treatment of superficial hemangioma in infants. Methods Thirty-six children with hemangioma were randomly divided into three groups, 12 in each group. Observation group: pulsed dye laser treatment, followed by topical timolol eye drops; control Ⅰgroup: pulsed dye laser treatment alone, treatment plan and course of treatment with observation group; control Ⅱ group : administration of timolol Eye liquid treatment, medication and treatment are the same as the observation group. Results In the combined treatment group, the number of pulsed dye laser treatment was 2.57±0.90 times, and the average time of the tumor was 71.83±18.71 days. The number of times of laser treatment in the pure laser control Ⅰ group was 5.25±0.75, and the average duration of resolution in the return visit was 141.33±17.78 days.Simple external thiamethoxam bisoprolol eye dropsⅡ group, visit fade time 162.08±16.64 days on average, no complications occurred.The frequency of laser treatment in the combined treatment group was significantly less than that in the controlⅠgroup (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant.The regression time in the treatment group was significantly less than that in the control Ⅰ and Ⅱ group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Pulsed dye laser combined with external timolol eye drops is more effective than laser and external timolol eye drops in treating infantile hemangioma.
Key words: pulsed fuel laser; timolol; infants ; hemangioma; superficial type
婴幼儿血管瘤(Infantile hemangiomas, IH),是婴幼儿最常见的良性肿瘤,系以血管内皮细胞增殖为特征的胚胎性良性肿瘤。好发于头、面、颈部,其次为四肢和躯干。发生率在新生儿为1.1%~2.6%,男女比率1∶3~5[1]。发生于头面部,尤其口唇、鼻部以及眶周部位的瘤体影响容貌。严重者可因压迫邻近器官而影响视力和呼吸等,故常需早期干预治疗[2]。自然消退的血管瘤约54.9%残留明显后遗症,最常见的是毛细血管扩张、外层皮肤松垂及瘢痕等[3]。因此,目前倾向于积极治疗。婴幼儿血管瘤的传统治疗方法有激光、口服或者局部注射激素、手术、硬化治疗等,近年来发现β-受体阻滞剂对血管瘤疗效显著,可口服、外用或联合口服及外用。笔者科室采用脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗血管瘤患儿,取得了显著疗效,现报道如下。 1 资料和方法
1.1 纳入标准:初诊患儿,符合婴幼儿血管瘤诊断标准[1],未接受过任何治疗,病灶厚度≤2mm。
1.2 临床资料:选择笔者科室2017年1月-2018年1月就诊的36例婴幼儿血管瘤,其中男8例,女28例,年龄0~4个月,平均年龄(2.19±1.22)个月,按门诊就诊顺序将研究对象随机分为观察组12例,对照Ⅰ组12例和对照组12例。
1.3 治疗方法:观察组采用脉冲染料激光(V-beam 595nm,美国美中互利公司)治疗病灶,治疗参数为脉宽3ms,能量12J/cm2,光斑直径根据瘤体面积大小改变,治疗至瘤体组织变为暗紫色为度,每月1次,每次激光治疗后外用美宝湿润烧伤膏,每4h外涂1次,根据皮损情况连续外涂7~10d,待激光皮损愈合后采用噻吗洛尔滴眼液浸湿纱布后敷于病灶处,纱布一层,每次湿敷10min,每天3次;对照I组单纯采用脉冲染料激光治疗,治疗参数及频率同观察组;对照Ⅱ组单纯外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗,方法及疗程同观察组。记录治疗总次数及不良反应(如瘢痕、萎缩等),待瘤体完全消退后随访6~12个月。
1.4 统计学分析:数据采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行统计学分析,采用配对t检验分析方法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
观察组激光治疗次数为(2.57±0.90)次,瘤体平均消退时间(71.83±18.71)d,出现表浅瘢痕1例,无其他并发症;对照I组激光治疗次数为(5.25±0.75)次,瘤体平均消退时间为(141.33±17.78)d,出现表浅瘢痕2例;对照Ⅱ组瘤体平均消退时间为(162.08±16.64)d,无并发症发生;观察组激光治疗次数显著低于对照Ⅰ组(t=-10.41,P<0.05);观察组瘤体消退时间明显短于对照Ⅰ组(t=-12.51,P<0.05)、对照Ⅱ组(t=-12.83,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,见表1。典型病例治疗前后照片见图1。
3 讨论
婴幼儿血管瘤具有三个明显的发展阶段:快速增生期、退化期和伴有不同程度皮肤改变的退化末期[4]。大多数血管瘤于出生后1周左右出现,初期表现为淡红色斑点,逐渐增大为红色草莓样突起或皮下肿块,即为快速增生期,可持续3~6个月,特点是在第1年快速增长,并且通常在7~10岁时完成缓慢的消退[5]。自然消退的血管瘤约54.9%残留明显后遗症,最常见的是毛细血管扩张、皮肤松弛及瘢痕等[3]。
近年来,国内外有关β-受体阻滞剂治疗婴幼儿血管瘤研究较多,取得了良好的效果,副作用少,被推荐为血管瘤临床一线药物治疗[6]。外用噻吗洛尔眼药水或者凝胶剂型,外用普萘洛尔凝胶,以及口服普萘洛尔加外用普萘洛尔凝胶联合治疗,报道中均获得了满意疗效[7-9]。笔者科室曾报道口服普萘洛尔联合脉冲染料激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤治[10],尽管效果良好,副作用少见,但一部分患者家属担心口服药物会对婴幼儿身体发育有影响,怕出现并发症,不愿服药。脉冲染料激光作为血管性病变的首选激光,具有较长的脉宽,组织穿透深度达0.3~1.2mm[11],可热凝固较小管径的血管,瘤体增生期间,激光往往作用于表浅部分组织,对深层大部分瘤体难以起到治疗作用,因此,激光治疗的同时,瘤体组织继续增生,效果不明显或者反而增大,只有当瘤体组织停止增生时激光治疗才能发挥更好的效果。此外,激光治疗次数增多也有可能带来瘢痕等副作用,患儿年龄较大时因疼痛而依从性降低。而单纯应用药物治疗则疗程长,瘤体萎缩时间较慢。当瘤体组织相对较薄时,药物可以良好地渗透入组织内,抑制瘤体增生,并有萎缩瘤体组织、减少激光治疗次数的作用,目前报道外用药物未见明显副作用,患者家属依从性较好。因此,外用噻吗洛尔眼药水联合脉冲染料激光在治疗早期婴幼儿血管瘤时具有一定的优越性,值得临床推广应用。
[参考文献]
[1]Chiller KG,Passaro D,Frieden IJ.Hemangiomas of infancy:clinical characteristics,morphologic subtypes,and their relationship to race,ethnicity, and sex[J].Arch Dermatol,2002,138(12):1567-1576.
[2]王蕤,董立新,刘少华.普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤新进展[J].中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2013,7(14):6643-6645.
[3]Baselga E,Roe E,Coulie J,et al.Risk factors for degree and type of sequelae after involution of untreated hemangiomas of infancy[J].JAMA Dermatol,2016,152(11):1239–43.
[4]林辉,陈石海,黎乐群.血管瘤增殖退化机制的研究进展[J].广西医科大学学报, 2004,21(2):306-307.
[5]Jingmin O.Infantile hemangioma a complicated disease[J].Front Biosci,2015,20(7):1004-1016.
[6]Chang L,Ye X,Qiu Y,et al.Is propranolol safe and effective for outpatient use for infantile hemangioma? A prospective study of 679 cases from one center in china[J].Ann Plast Surg,2016,76(5):559-563.
[7]於林军,许嘉川,苏宝利,等.马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿表浅血管瘤的临床研究[J].中華整形外科杂志,2015,31(6):440-445.
[8]Borok J,Gangar P,Admani S.噻吗洛尔局部应用治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的安全性和疗效:1项前瞻性试验[J].中国口腔颌面外科杂志,2017,15(5):56.
[9]Ehsani AH,Noormohammadpoor P,Abdolreza M,et al.Combination therapy of infantile hemangioma with pulsed dye laser with topical propranolol: a randomized clinical trial[J].Arch Iran Med,2014,17(17):657-660.
[10]罗滔,谭军,张博,等.普萘洛尔联合脉冲染料激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤疗效观察[J].中国美容医学,2015,24(14):43-45.
[11]吕东泽,马刚,林晓曦.婴幼儿血管瘤的脉冲染料激光治疗[J].组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2014,10(6):360-362.
[收稿日期]2019-07-08
本文引用格式:尹轩羽,罗滔,谭军,等.脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿表浅型血管瘤疗效分析[J].2019,28(11):57-59.
[关键词]脉冲染料激光;噻吗洛尔;婴幼儿;血管瘤;表浅型
[中图分类号]R732.2 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)11-0057-03
Abstract: Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of pulsed dye laser combined with external timolol eye drops in the treatment of superficial hemangioma in infants. Methods Thirty-six children with hemangioma were randomly divided into three groups, 12 in each group. Observation group: pulsed dye laser treatment, followed by topical timolol eye drops; control Ⅰgroup: pulsed dye laser treatment alone, treatment plan and course of treatment with observation group; control Ⅱ group : administration of timolol Eye liquid treatment, medication and treatment are the same as the observation group. Results In the combined treatment group, the number of pulsed dye laser treatment was 2.57±0.90 times, and the average time of the tumor was 71.83±18.71 days. The number of times of laser treatment in the pure laser control Ⅰ group was 5.25±0.75, and the average duration of resolution in the return visit was 141.33±17.78 days.Simple external thiamethoxam bisoprolol eye dropsⅡ group, visit fade time 162.08±16.64 days on average, no complications occurred.The frequency of laser treatment in the combined treatment group was significantly less than that in the controlⅠgroup (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant.The regression time in the treatment group was significantly less than that in the control Ⅰ and Ⅱ group (P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Pulsed dye laser combined with external timolol eye drops is more effective than laser and external timolol eye drops in treating infantile hemangioma.
Key words: pulsed fuel laser; timolol; infants ; hemangioma; superficial type
婴幼儿血管瘤(Infantile hemangiomas, IH),是婴幼儿最常见的良性肿瘤,系以血管内皮细胞增殖为特征的胚胎性良性肿瘤。好发于头、面、颈部,其次为四肢和躯干。发生率在新生儿为1.1%~2.6%,男女比率1∶3~5[1]。发生于头面部,尤其口唇、鼻部以及眶周部位的瘤体影响容貌。严重者可因压迫邻近器官而影响视力和呼吸等,故常需早期干预治疗[2]。自然消退的血管瘤约54.9%残留明显后遗症,最常见的是毛细血管扩张、外层皮肤松垂及瘢痕等[3]。因此,目前倾向于积极治疗。婴幼儿血管瘤的传统治疗方法有激光、口服或者局部注射激素、手术、硬化治疗等,近年来发现β-受体阻滞剂对血管瘤疗效显著,可口服、外用或联合口服及外用。笔者科室采用脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗血管瘤患儿,取得了显著疗效,现报道如下。 1 资料和方法
1.1 纳入标准:初诊患儿,符合婴幼儿血管瘤诊断标准[1],未接受过任何治疗,病灶厚度≤2mm。
1.2 临床资料:选择笔者科室2017年1月-2018年1月就诊的36例婴幼儿血管瘤,其中男8例,女28例,年龄0~4个月,平均年龄(2.19±1.22)个月,按门诊就诊顺序将研究对象随机分为观察组12例,对照Ⅰ组12例和对照组12例。
1.3 治疗方法:观察组采用脉冲染料激光(V-beam 595nm,美国美中互利公司)治疗病灶,治疗参数为脉宽3ms,能量12J/cm2,光斑直径根据瘤体面积大小改变,治疗至瘤体组织变为暗紫色为度,每月1次,每次激光治疗后外用美宝湿润烧伤膏,每4h外涂1次,根据皮损情况连续外涂7~10d,待激光皮损愈合后采用噻吗洛尔滴眼液浸湿纱布后敷于病灶处,纱布一层,每次湿敷10min,每天3次;对照I组单纯采用脉冲染料激光治疗,治疗参数及频率同观察组;对照Ⅱ组单纯外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗,方法及疗程同观察组。记录治疗总次数及不良反应(如瘢痕、萎缩等),待瘤体完全消退后随访6~12个月。
1.4 统计学分析:数据采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行统计学分析,采用配对t检验分析方法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
观察组激光治疗次数为(2.57±0.90)次,瘤体平均消退时间(71.83±18.71)d,出现表浅瘢痕1例,无其他并发症;对照I组激光治疗次数为(5.25±0.75)次,瘤体平均消退时间为(141.33±17.78)d,出现表浅瘢痕2例;对照Ⅱ组瘤体平均消退时间为(162.08±16.64)d,无并发症发生;观察组激光治疗次数显著低于对照Ⅰ组(t=-10.41,P<0.05);观察组瘤体消退时间明显短于对照Ⅰ组(t=-12.51,P<0.05)、对照Ⅱ组(t=-12.83,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,见表1。典型病例治疗前后照片见图1。
3 讨论
婴幼儿血管瘤具有三个明显的发展阶段:快速增生期、退化期和伴有不同程度皮肤改变的退化末期[4]。大多数血管瘤于出生后1周左右出现,初期表现为淡红色斑点,逐渐增大为红色草莓样突起或皮下肿块,即为快速增生期,可持续3~6个月,特点是在第1年快速增长,并且通常在7~10岁时完成缓慢的消退[5]。自然消退的血管瘤约54.9%残留明显后遗症,最常见的是毛细血管扩张、皮肤松弛及瘢痕等[3]。
近年来,国内外有关β-受体阻滞剂治疗婴幼儿血管瘤研究较多,取得了良好的效果,副作用少,被推荐为血管瘤临床一线药物治疗[6]。外用噻吗洛尔眼药水或者凝胶剂型,外用普萘洛尔凝胶,以及口服普萘洛尔加外用普萘洛尔凝胶联合治疗,报道中均获得了满意疗效[7-9]。笔者科室曾报道口服普萘洛尔联合脉冲染料激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤治[10],尽管效果良好,副作用少见,但一部分患者家属担心口服药物会对婴幼儿身体发育有影响,怕出现并发症,不愿服药。脉冲染料激光作为血管性病变的首选激光,具有较长的脉宽,组织穿透深度达0.3~1.2mm[11],可热凝固较小管径的血管,瘤体增生期间,激光往往作用于表浅部分组织,对深层大部分瘤体难以起到治疗作用,因此,激光治疗的同时,瘤体组织继续增生,效果不明显或者反而增大,只有当瘤体组织停止增生时激光治疗才能发挥更好的效果。此外,激光治疗次数增多也有可能带来瘢痕等副作用,患儿年龄较大时因疼痛而依从性降低。而单纯应用药物治疗则疗程长,瘤体萎缩时间较慢。当瘤体组织相对较薄时,药物可以良好地渗透入组织内,抑制瘤体增生,并有萎缩瘤体组织、减少激光治疗次数的作用,目前报道外用药物未见明显副作用,患者家属依从性较好。因此,外用噻吗洛尔眼药水联合脉冲染料激光在治疗早期婴幼儿血管瘤时具有一定的优越性,值得临床推广应用。
[参考文献]
[1]Chiller KG,Passaro D,Frieden IJ.Hemangiomas of infancy:clinical characteristics,morphologic subtypes,and their relationship to race,ethnicity, and sex[J].Arch Dermatol,2002,138(12):1567-1576.
[2]王蕤,董立新,刘少华.普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤新进展[J].中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2013,7(14):6643-6645.
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[收稿日期]2019-07-08
本文引用格式:尹轩羽,罗滔,谭军,等.脉冲染料激光联合外用噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗婴幼儿表浅型血管瘤疗效分析[J].2019,28(11):57-59.