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目的了解≤16岁人群肾综合征出血热(HFRS)病例特征,指导疫苗未覆盖人群出血热防治工作。方法采用2005—2014年中国疾病预防控制信息系统中西安市≤16岁肾综合征出血热病例个案信息和相应个案调查表,采用胶体金法检测HFRS病人血清Ig M抗体,分析该人群出血热病例特征。结果西安市2005—2014年≤16岁肾综合征出血热患者共664例;其中男性占73.2%,男女性别比例为2.7∶1;患者平均年龄为12.8岁;流行大高峰期和其他时间段内病例特征无差异;97.4%患者血清进行了Ig M抗体检测,阳性率为72.7%;住院时长中位数为10 d;患者临床症状严重程度与出院情况之间存在相关(r=-0.11),症状越轻,结局转归越好。结论西安市HFRS病例在大高峰和其他时间段内表现的临床特征基本一致;胶体金法应用大幅提高HFRS病例的早期诊断水平,降低了漏诊率,从而减少病例的低血压休克发生概率。
Objective To understand the characteristics of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) ≤16 years of age and to guide the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic fever in people who are not covered by the vaccine. Methods According to the case information and corresponding case questionnaire of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ≤16 years in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014, the IgM antibody in serum of HFRS patients was detected by colloidal gold method, and the cases of hemorrhagic fever in this population were analyzed feature. Results A total of 664 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ≤16 years old in Xi’an from 2005 to 2014 were found. Among them, 73.2% were males and 2.7:1 were males and females. The average age of patients was 12.8 years old. During the epidemic peak and other time periods There was no difference in the characteristics of the cases. The serum IgM antibody was detected in 97.4% of the patients with a positive rate of 72.7%. The median duration of hospitalization was 10 days. There was a correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the discharged patients (r = -0.11) The lesser the symptoms, the better prognosis. Conclusions The clinical features of HFRS in Xi’an during the peak and other time periods are basically the same. The application of colloidal gold greatly improves the early diagnosis of HFRS and reduces the rate of misdiagnosis, thus reducing the incidence of hypotensive shock.