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目的分析中国居民健康知识与行为的分离情况,为有效减少健康行为的知行分离提供支持。方法根据对31省市分层抽样调查的首次居民健康素养调查报告的健康知识素养与健康行为素养的相关数据进行转换,进行比率分析。结果中国居民在健康知识与行动之间存在显著差异,大致为2.16,不同社会特征人群的健康知行差距存在差异,65～69岁老年人群的健康知行差距最低,为1.53,农村居民的知行差距最高,达到了2.48。不同因素对知行差距的影响不同,受教育程度对知行差距的影响呈微笑曲线模式,两端高中间低;年龄对知行差距影响呈负相关关系,随年龄增加,知行差距减少;男性的健康知行差距高于女性;经济发展程度与健康知行差距呈正相关关系。结论不同特征人群的健康知行差距比较明显,提示我们不仅要注重健康知识的传播,更要注重推动健康行为的实施,知识传播与行动促进两个方面都要给予重视。应加强低文化层次和高文化层次人群健康教育的针对性,加强农村的健康支持体系建设,重视老年人健康教育。
Objective To analyze the separation of health knowledge and behavior among Chinese residents and provide support for effectively reducing the separation of knowledge and practice of health behaviors. Methods Based on the data of the first public health literacy survey report by stratified sample survey in 31 provinces and cities, the data of health knowledge literacy and health behavior literacy were converted and the ratio was analyzed. Results There was a significant difference between Chinese residents in health knowledge and action, roughly 2.16. There was a difference in health knowledge among different social groups. The lowest in health literacy among aged 65-69 was 1.53, and the highest among rural residents was the highest , Reached 2.48. The influence of different factors on the gap between knowledge and practice is different. The effect of education level on the gap between knowledge and education is a smile curve pattern, with low middle and high ends. There is a negative correlation between age and the gap between knowledge and practice. With the increase of age, the gap between knowledge and practice is reduced. The gap is higher than that of women; the degree of economic development is positively related to the gap between knowledge and practice of health. Conclusion The gap between the health knowledge and behavior of different groups of people is obvious, which suggests that we should pay attention not only to the spread of health knowledge, but also to promote the implementation of health behaviors, knowledge dissemination and action promotion. We should strengthen the pertinence of health education for people of low cultural level and high culture level, strengthen the construction of rural health support system and attach importance to health education for the elderly.