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目的评估武汉市新近装修住宅不同功能区空气中的甲醛含量对人体可能造成的健康风险。方法对武汉市106家新近装修住宅的客厅、主卧、次卧、书房空气中甲醛含量进行监测,实验数据应用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析,应用健康风险评价模型对甲醛的致癌风险进行评价。结果新装修住宅客厅、主卧、次卧、书房室内空气中甲醛的均值分别为0.16 mg/m3、0.19 mg/m3、0.18 mg/m3和0.16 mg/m3,超标率分别为63.2%、68.9%、71.7%和64.1%;新装修住宅室内空气中甲醛通过呼吸途径对男性和女性所致的终身癌症风险值分别为2.82×10-4和2.14×10-4,男性的癌症风险值稍高于女性;住宅不同功能区中甲醛致癌风险值是:卧室(主卧或次卧)>客厅>书房。结论武汉市新装修住宅空气中存在严重的甲醛污染,各功能区中的甲醛致癌风险值均超过了国际放射委员会(ICPR)推荐的最大可接受风险水平,对人群存在较大的致癌风险。
Objective To evaluate the health risks to human beings caused by the formaldehyde content in the air in different functional areas of recently renovated residential buildings in Wuhan. Methods The formaldehyde levels in the living room, master bedroom, second bedroom and study room of 106 newly renovated residences in Wuhan were monitored. The experimental data were analyzed by using SPSS 11.0 software. The health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde. Results The mean values of formaldehyde in the newly renovated residential living room, master bedroom, second bedroom and study room air were 0.16 mg / m3, 0.19 mg / m3, 0.18 mg / m3 and 0.16 mg / m3, respectively, exceeding the standards of 63.2% and 68.9% , 71.7% and 64.1%, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk values of formaldehyde in indoor air of newly renovated residential buildings were 2.82 × 10-4 and 2.14 × 10-4 respectively for both men and women. The risk of cancer in men was slightly higher than that of male Female; residential areas of different functional areas of formaldehyde carcinogenic risk values are: bedroom (master bedroom or second bedroom)> living room> study. Conclusions There is a serious problem of formaldehyde pollution in newly renovated residential air in Wuhan. The carcinogenic value of formaldehyde in each functional zone exceeds the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Commission (ICPR), which causes a large carcinogenic risk to the population.