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采用粉末冶金方法制备石墨铜复合材料(Gra./Cu)和碳纳米管铜复合材料(CNTs/Cu),研究2种铜基复合材料的真空电弧截流现象和阴极斑点特性。结果表明,与Gra./Cu相比,CNTs/Cu在真空放电过程中电弧更加稳定,且分散性好,截流值小;在正对阳极处CNTs/Cu的真空电弧烧蚀坑明显比Gra./Cu的细小,灼痕直径约为0.1～5μm,分布面积也较小,而Gra./Cu的灼痕直径为10～100μm;两者的相同之处在于,在电击穿过程中阴极斑点的运动呈一种随机的、突变式的跳跃,而且选择性发生在Cu相上,Cu相被消耗。总之,CNTs/Cu比Gra./Cu具有更高的耐电弧烧蚀能力,CNTs的加入可以有效地增加铜基复合材料的电弧稳定性和降低截流值。
Graphite-copper composites (Gra./Cu) and carbon nanotube-copper composites (CNTs / Cu) were prepared by powder metallurgy method. The vacuum arc interception phenomenon and cathode speckle characteristics of two copper matrix composites were investigated. The results show that compared with Gra./Cu, CNTs / Cu have more stable arc during vacuum discharge and better dispersion and smaller cut-off value. Compared with Gra./Cu, CNTs / Cu vacuum arc ablation pit is obviously higher than that of Gra. / Cu small, the burn marks diameter of about 0.1 ~ 5μm, the distribution area is smaller, and the burning of Gra./Cu diameter of 10 ~ 100μm; the two are the same in that during the electrical breakdown of the cathode spot The movement is a random, abrupt jump, and selectively occurs in the Cu phase, Cu phase is consumed. In conclusion, CNTs / Cu have higher arc ablation abilities than Gra./Cu. The addition of CNTs can effectively increase the arc stability and decrease the interception value of Cu-based composites.