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膜下滴灌技术便于机械化操作,且具有节水节肥等优点,因此在新疆地区得以迅速发展。然而,随着膜下滴灌推广面积的不断增加,一些在生产实际中普遍存在且亟待解决的问题逐渐暴露出来,如苗孔覆土裸露,低温天气条件下幼苗容易受到伤害,尤其是降雨过后表层土壤干燥结壳,阻碍幼苗生长、降低出苗率;大量地膜残留造成环境污染;地面滴灌条件下棉花根系总量少且分布浅,导致植株抗性弱、易早衰等。针对以上问题,在综合分析现有研究成果及实践经验的基础上,提出采用可降解膜进行双膜覆盖,并与地下滴灌技术相结合,对目前广泛应用的膜下滴灌技术模式进行改进,可提高出苗率,有效避免地膜环境污染和植株根系浅、抗性弱等缺陷,相关技术模式(如可降解膜覆盖方式及降解过程控制、合理灌溉制度的制定等)的实际应用有待进一步研究。
Drip irrigation technology is convenient for mechanized operation, and has the advantages of saving water and fertilizer, so it can be developed rapidly in Xinjiang. However, with the increasing popularization area of drip irrigation under film, some problems that are ubiquitous and urgent to be solved in production are gradually exposed. For example, the seedlings are covered with soil and the seedlings are easily damaged in low temperature weather, especially the surface soil after rainfall Dry crusts, hinder the growth of seedlings, reduce the emergence rate; a large number of residual membrane environmental pollution caused by the ground; under the conditions of drip irrigation cotton root total less and shallow distribution, leading to plant resistance to weak, premature aging and so on. In view of the above problems, based on the comprehensive analysis of the existing research results and practical experience, we propose to use biodegradable membrane for double-membrane coverage and combine with underground drip irrigation technology to improve the currently widely applied technology mode of drip irrigation. Improve the germination rate, effectively prevent the environmental pollution of mulching and plant roots shallow, weak resistance and other defects, the practical application of the relevant technical modes (such as degradable membrane covering and degradation process control, rational irrigation system, etc.) needs further study.