马铃薯,又称土豆。它是人们喜爱的菜粮兼用的食品之一。我们食用的土豆是由马铃薯植株茎的节间缩短膨大而成的,所以它被称为块茎。在块茎发育初期,其上长有鳞片状的小叶,以后萎缩脱落,留下叶痕,称为芽眉。芽眉下方有一凹陷,称为芽眼。芽眼内有一组腋芽。块茎的最下方,也就是块茎的顶端还有顶芽。芽眼在块茎上呈螺旋状排列,每个长芽眼的地方相当于茎上的节。两个芽眼之间相当于茎的节间。土豆经过一个时期的贮存,在一定的温度等条件下,顶芽及腋芽很容易萌发。发芽时,在出芽的部位产生许多酶,经过这些酶的作用,块茎中贮存的物质便被分解,然后转变为供应芽生长的物质。在这个物质转化过程中,产生一种叫做“龙葵精”的毒素,这种毒素进入人体,人就会出现恶心、呕吐、头晕和腹泻等中 Potato, also known as potatoes. It is one of the favorite foods for both food and drink. The potatoes we eat are shortened and enlarged by the internodes of the stems of potato plants, so it is called a tuber. In the early stages of tuber growth, there are scales on the long leaflets, after shrinking off, leaving leaves marks, called Bud eyebrows. There is a depression below the bud eyebrow, called bud eye. There are a group of axillary bud bud eye. At the very bottom of the tubers, there is the top bud at the top of the tubers. Sprouts spirally arranged on tubers, each of which corresponds to a stem on a stem. Between the two bud eye is equivalent to the stem of the internode. Potatoes after a period of storage, at a certain temperature and other conditions, the top buds and axillary buds are easy to germination. When germinating, many enzymes are produced at the budding site. After these enzymes, the substances stored in the tubers are broken down and then transformed into substances that supply the buds for growth. During the conversion of this substance, a toxin called “Solanum nigrum” is produced. When the toxin enters the human body, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and diarrhea occur