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烷烃乃是石油最基本的組成部分,其物理化学常数对很多理論和技术問題,特別是石油各餾份組成的确定、某个或某部分烷烃的分餾等問題的解决都是必不可少的。同时,对烷烃及其衍生物物理化学性质規律性的了解,也会促进我们对其結构的进一步认识。但是,迄至現在,烷烃中有完全和可靠的物理化学常数实验数据的,沒有大于辛烷,而壬烷仅有部分数据,癸烷以上的高級烷烃則几乎沒有。烷烃衍生物的数据虽也不少,但还有很多化合物沒有測定。由于純净样品取得的困难,以及某些烷烃及其衍生物,譬如
Alkanes are the most basic components of petroleum, and their physicochemical constants are essential for solving many theoretical and technical problems, especially the determination of the composition of petroleum fractions and the fractionation of one or some alkanes. At the same time, understanding of the regularity of the physico-chemical properties of alkanes and their derivatives will also promote our understanding of their structure. However, up to now, there is no more than octane in complete and reliable experimental data for the physicochemical constants of alkanes, while only partial data for nonane are available, with almost no higher alkanes above decane. Alkane derivatives, although a lot of data, but there are many compounds not measured. Due to the difficulty of obtaining pure samples, as well as certain alkanes and their derivatives, for example