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分析了具有不可测输入和状态时间滞后的非线性系统的结构可观性和可重构性，给出了一种判断结构可观性和可重构性的简易方法。结构可观性只能给出系统可观的必要条件，但对于很多实际工程系统，它也是充分条件。以石油分馏塔为例，以速率方程的非相平衡的动态模型为基础，对可观性进行了分析，给出了测点布局设计的原则，分析了在线实时观测计算产品组成（质量指标）的途径。分析的实时计算结果已用于几个炼油厂产品质量的在线计算与闭环控制，取得了明显的经济效益。
The structural observability and reconfigurability of nonlinear systems with unmeasured input and state time lag are analyzed. A simple method for judging the observability and reconfigurability of structures is given. Structural observability gives only the necessary conditions for the system to be observable, but it is also sufficient for many practical engineering systems. Taking the oil fractionation tower as an example, the observability is analyzed based on the non-phase equilibrium dynamic model of velocity equation. The principle of layout design is given. The online real-time observation and calculation of product composition (quality index) way. The real-time results of the analysis have been used for on-line calculation and closed-loop control of product quality in several refineries and significant economic benefits have been achieved.