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成人型呼吸窘迫综合征(Adult respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是一个多种病因引起的病征,过去命名混乱。见于休克之后者曾被称为休克肺;按病因命名还有氧中毒、体外循环肺,呼吸器肺、灌注后肺、脂肪栓塞综合征、创伤后肺功能不全等;从病理学角度还曾被命名为肺透明膜病、成人透明膜病(AHMD)、充血性肺不张、出血性肺不张、创伤后肺不张、进行性肺实变、硬肺综合征、湿肺综合征等。迄至1967年Ashbough 氏首先提出ARDS 之名,得到国际医学界的一致公认。本病大多继肺微循环障碍之后,发生肺间质水肿和肺泡水肿,大片肺泡萎陷,肺顺应性降低,通气与血流比例失调,引起急性进行性低氧血症和极度呼吸困难。潜伏期可有几小时至几天,以后便出现进行性肺功能不全。本病可见于临床各科,国外报道ARDS 占各科住院总人数的1～3%。其病死率很高,一般在40%以上,文献报道即使在很好的监护病房中ARDS 的病死率仍在25%以上。本刊特邀请有关的国内知名专家对ARDS 作了较详尽的阐述,旨在提高临床各科医生对本病的认识和重视。
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome caused by a variety of causes, the past name chaos. Found in the shock after those who have been called shock lung; according to the cause of the name also oxygen poisoning, cardiopulmonary bypass, respirator lung, perfusion lung, fat embolism syndrome, post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency; from the pathological point of view has also been Named hyaline membrane disease, adult hyaline membrane disease (AHMD), congestive atelectasis, hemorrhagic atelectasis, post-traumatic atelectasis, progressive lung consolidation, sclerosis syndrome, wet lung syndrome. As of 1967, Ashbrough first proposed the name of ARDS, which has been universally acknowledged by the international medical community. Most of the disease following the pulmonary microcirculation disorder, pulmonary interstitial edema and alveolar edema, large lung collapse, reduced lung compliance, ventilation and blood flow imbalance caused by acute progressive hypoxemia and extreme breathing difficulties. The incubation period can be a few hours to several days later there will be progressive pulmonary insufficiency. The disease can be seen in clinical departments, foreign reports ARDS accounted for 1 to 3% of the total number of hospitalizations. Its case fatality rate is high, usually above 40%, and the reported mortality of ARDS is still above 25% even in very well-controlled wards. The magazine invited the relevant well-known domestic experts ARDS made a more detailed description, aimed at improving clinical doctors understanding of the disease and attention.