An absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) with a detachable optical window was designed and built for high accuracy optical radiant power measurement and photodetector spectral responsivity calibration. The ACR receiver is an electroplated pure copper cavity
We report the generation of asymmetric Mathieu beams: invariant intensity optical profiles that can be described by three parameters. The first one describes the amount of ellipticity, the second one takes into account the degree of asymmetry of the profi
Typical fundus photography produces a two-dimensional image. This makes it difficult to observe the microvascular and neural abnormalities, because the depth of the image is missing. To provide depth appreciation, we develop a single-channel stereoscopic