我国从本世纪初开始被外国媒体称之为“世界工厂”,不管这种说法的政治意义,本文从工业史上“世界工厂”的定义出发,以一系列数据来论证我国到底能否称之为“世界工厂”。得出的结论是我们还有很长的路要走。此外,本文对我国制造业发展过程中的资源、环境污染、社会矛盾等负外部效应进行了论述,并给出了部分解决方法,主要集中于发展模式和节约化、技术创新。 Starting from the beginning of this century, our country was called “the world factory” by foreign media. Regardless of the political significance of this view, this article starts from the definition of “world factory” in industrial history and uses a series of data to prove whether China can call it “ ”World Factory." The conclusion is that we still have a long way to go. In addition, this article discusses the negative externalities such as resources, environmental pollution and social contradictions in the process of the manufacturing industry in our country, and gives some solutions to the problems, which mainly focus on the development mode and the saving and technological innovation.