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目的了解贵州黔南地区少数民族农村女性居民慢性肾脏病患病现状及其影响因素,为预防和控制慢性肾脏病提供依据。方法于2012年1月—2013年12月,采用多阶段分层整群随机方法抽取39 876名黔南地区20~86岁农村女性居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,确诊慢性肾脏病。结果 39 876名常住女性居民中,确诊慢性肾脏病为4 962例,患病率为12.45%;20岁~、30岁~、40岁~、50岁~、60岁~、70岁~、≥80岁患病率分别为1.21%、3.19%、6.46%、17.26%、21.77%、33.93%、87.33%;布依族患病率为18.73%,苗族为10.28%,水族为9.77%,毛南族为10.39%;不同年龄及民族女性居民患病率间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);采用美国国家肾脏基金会所属“肾脏病预后质量倡议”(K/DOQI)指南标准进行分期,Ⅰ期1 971例,占39.72%,Ⅱ期1 134例,占22.85%,Ⅲ期1 687例,占33.99%,Ⅳ期170例,占3.42%;多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄、民族、居住环境、饮酒年限、饮酒量、好食动物内脏、血压及血尿酸值等是患慢性肾脏病的主要危险因素。结论黔南地区少数民族女性居民慢性肾脏病患病率较高,随着年龄的增加患病率呈上升趋势。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease among ethnic women in ethnic and southern Guizhou in southern Guizhou, and to provide evidence for prevention and control of chronic kidney disease. Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, 39 876 rural women aged 20-86 years from Qiannan Prefecture were surveyed, examined by physical examination and laboratory tests, and were diagnosed as chronic kidney disease by multi-stage stratified cluster randomized method . Results Among 39 876 resident women, 4962 cases of chronic kidney disease were diagnosed with a prevalence of 12.45%. They were 20 years old, 30 years old, 40 years old, 50 years old, 60 years old, 70 years old, ≥ The prevalence rates at the age of 80 were 1.21%, 3.19%, 6.46%, 17.26%, 21.77%, 33.93% and 87.33% respectively. The prevalence of Buyi was 18.73%, that of Miao was 10.28% and that of Aqua was 9.77% 10.39%. The prevalences among different age groups and ethnic female residents were statistically significant (P <0.01). The staging was based on the criteria of the National Kidney Foundation’s “K / DOQI” guidelines , 1 971 cases (39.72%), 1 134 cases (22.85%), 1 687 cases (33.99%) in stage II, and 3.42% (Ⅳ) in stage I. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age, National, living environment, drinking years, alcohol consumption, gut internal organs, blood pressure and serum uric acid value are the main risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among ethnic minority female residents in Qiannan region is relatively high. The prevalence increases with age.