“环境”一词在十九世纪最初是指那些人或事物在其中存在或演变发育的种种条件或影响因素的。二十世纪末期的流行病学家当然更加清楚,人群的健康特别是儿童的健康,明显地受着环境的影响。社会阶层在英国,自从一九一一年以来,社会阶层是以其家庭户主从事的职业划分的。无疑这几乎毫无例外地都是取决于孩子的父亲了。在这种分类中:一些较高等级的职业如医生、大学教师、宗教牧师等等被看作为社会第一阶层;而那些经营性的和其它的职业如教师、护士和公司经营人员等则是社会第 The term “environment” in the nineteenth century originally referred to the conditions or influencing factors in which people or things existed or evolved. Of course, epidemiologists in the late twentieth century made it clearer that the health of the population, especially the health of children, is clearly affected by the environment. Social Stratum In the United Kingdom, since 1911, the social strata have been divided by the occupations of their heads of family. Undoubtedly, it almost depends on the child’s father without exception. In this category, higher-level occupations such as doctors, university teachers, religious pastors and the like are considered as the first class of society; while those in business and other occupations such as teachers, nurses, and company executives are Social