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【目的】在超高产地力条件下,研究单粒精播对花生个体发育与群体结构的影响,探讨超高产花生理想株型和合理群体构建,进一步挖掘花生的高产潜力。【方法】以普通大花生品种花育22号(HY22)为试验材料,分别在平度古岘镇、莒南板泉镇、冠县梁堂乡和宁阳葛石镇设置4块春花生超高产试验点,每个试验点安排单粒精播(SS)和双粒穴播(DS)2种种植方式。分别于开花期、结荚期、饱果期和成熟期对各试验点不同播种方式的花生进行植株性状考察,于成熟期对单株结果数、幼果数、秕果数、饱果数、双仁果数和经济系数等进行考察,收获时组织专家进行实收测产。【结果】(1)各试验点单粒精播花生的荚果平均产量比双粒穴播高13.92%,单株结果数显著增加是增产的原因,其中单粒精播每公顷果数(幼果除外)最高达到592.5万个。(2)生育前期单粒精播花生的主茎高、侧枝长、主茎节数、主茎绿叶数、分枝数、根冠比和叶面积系数均显著高于双粒穴播,有利于提早封垄,能有效增加光合面积。(3)成熟期单粒精播花生主茎绿叶数显著高于双粒穴播,有效光合时间得到了延长。(4)单粒精播条件下各试验点花生饱果期的单株果重与主茎高和侧枝长成负相关,与分枝数和叶面积系数呈显著正相关。(5)单产水平最高的莒南试验点,其单粒精播花生成熟期的单株果重与叶面积系数和经济系数极显著正相关。【结论】超高产条件下花生存在地上部冗余现象,单粒精播方式对合理优化超高产花生群体结构效果显著,分枝数是影响单粒精播花生单株果重的重要因素,而增加结果数提高经济系数则是其进一步增产的关键。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of single grain sowing on the individual development and population structure of peanut and to find out the ideal plant type and rational population for super high yielding peanut and explore the potential of high yielding peanut. 【Method】 Four large peanut varieties, HY22, were used as experimental material to set up four spring peanut varieties in Pingdu Guxian town, Junan Banquan town, Guanxian Liangtang town and Ningyang ge stone town High yield test points, each test point arrangement of single grain sowing (SS) and double grain sowing (DS) 2 kinds of planting methods. Peanut was planted at flowering stage, podding stage, full fruit stage and mature stage respectively. The fruit number, number of young fruit, fruit number, full fruit number, Shuangren fruit number and economic factors, such as inspection, harvest experts at the time of harvesting. 【Result】 (1) The average pod yield of peanut seeding was 13.92% higher than that of double-grain sowing at each test point. The increase of the number of single plant was the reason of yield increase. ) Up to 5925000. (2) The main stem height, branch length, main stem number, main stem green leaf number, branch number, root / shoot ratio and leaf area coefficient were all significantly higher Feng ridge, can effectively increase photosynthetic area. (3) The number of green leaves of peanut main stems in mature stage was significantly higher than that of the double shoots, and the effective photosynthetic time was prolonged. (4) Under single grain sowing conditions, the fruit weight per plant at the peanut full-fruit stage was negatively correlated with the main stem height and collateral length, and positively correlated with the branch number and leaf area coefficient. (5) The highest yield of Junan test point, the sowing date of single sowing sowing date had a significant positive correlation with leaf area index and economic coefficient. 【Conclusion】 The aboveground perennial redundancy exists in the super high yielding condition. The single grain sowing mode has a significant effect on optimizing the structure of the super high yielding peanut population. The number of branches is an important factor affecting the fruit weight of single sowing peanut sowing plants. Increasing the number of results to improve economic coefficient is the key to further increase.